Nō nā tata nei, i whakakitea e Lu Jing, te Perehitini o Standard Chartered Bank (China) Limited, i te 2nd Chain Expo, "I ako mātou i ngā ture o Amerika hei āwhina i tētahi umanga nui e whakamahi ana i te pūngao rā ki te haumi me te tau ki Texas, US, me te whakarite kia whiwhi pūtea te umanga mō te wā roa. I whakahaerehia e mātou he whakamātautau whaihua - ka taea tonu e te pakihi te ora mēnā ka tangohia ngā tahua tautoko i muri i te noho a Trump ki te tari?"
I te mutunga, i whakatau a Standard Chartered "he tino kaha te kamupene Haina, he iti ake ngā utu whakaputa i ngā kaihanga waeine pūngao rā i te mākete o Amerika, he teitei ake te whai huatanga, me te waihangatanga o te 1,500 ngā mahi ā-rohe."
"He kaitākaro nui a Haina, he kaiārahi anō hoki, i roto i te mekameka tuku o te ao." I kī a Lu Jing, "I mua, ko ngā whāinga matua o ngā mekameka tuku he whakapiki i te whai huatanga, he tāpiri uara me te whakaiti i ngā utu; engari i ēnei rā, kei te akiakihia e ngā āhuatanga whenua-tōrangapū ngā 'taiepa' o ētahi whenua whakawhanake kia teitei ake, kia teitei ake. Heoi, kāore e taea te wehe i te otinga o te whakawhiti pūngao ma o te ao mai i te mekameka tuku o Haina."
I kōrero anō ia, "He maha ngā wero ka pā ki ngā kamupene pūngao ma o Haina i te US me Ūropi, engari ko te tumanako, ka taea e ngā kamupene Hainamana te whakauru i ngā whakaurunga ki te mekameka ahumahi, te whakaputa ā-rohe, me te utu i ngā kaimahi ā-rohe."
I tēnei wā, kua whakatinanahia e te US ngā whakatenatena taake me ngā tautoko mō ngā kamupene hanga taputapu pūngao rā. Hei whakatenatena i te haumi ki ngā kaupapa pūngao rā me te hanga ā-rohe, kua whakarewahia e te kāwanatanga o Amerika he raupapa whakatenatena taake. I roto i ēnei, ko te whiwhinga taake haumitanga (ITC) ka taea e ngā kaupapa pūngao rā whai mana te whiwhi whiwhinga taake kotahi tae atu ki te 30% i te tau e whakahaerehia ai te kaupapa.
Mena ka tutuki i te kaupapa ngā whakaritenga o te hanga ā-rohe, ka taea te whakapiki i te ōrau whiwhinga taake ki te 40%. Hei tāpiri, ka tukuna e te US he Whiwhinga Taake Whakaputa (PTC), e whakarato ana i te tautoko 10-tau mō te hiko i hangaia e te kaupapa whakaputa hiko, me te nui o te tautoko ka tonoa ia tau, ka whakatikatikaina hoki mō te pikinga utu. Hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te mekameka tuku hanga hiko pūngao ā-rohe, kua waihangahia e te kāwanatanga o US he whakatenatena hanga ā-rohe, e kī ana me ahu mai ngā maitai katoa e whakamahia ana i roto i te kaupapa i te US, ā, ko te wāhanga ā-rohe o te hua i hangaia neke atu i te 40% o te utu katoa (ka whakapikihia ki te 55% mō ngā kaupapa ka tīmata te hanga i muri i te tau 2026).
Mā te tango i ēnei tautoko ka pāngia ngā kaihanga e te pēhanga whakahaere. Heoi, e ai ki te aromatawai a Standard Chartered, ka taea tonu e ngā kamupene Haina te pupuri i ngā tawhē hua.
Kāore a Lu Jing i whakahua ko ēhea ngā kamupene Haina kua haumi ki te Hononga o Amerika. Engari i kitea e te kairīpoata he maha ngā kamupene pūngao rā kua whakatū i ngā tipu whakaputa i te Hononga o Amerika.
I tēnei wā, kei te hanga a Trina Solar i tētahi wheketere hanga hiko photovoltaic o te rā i Wilmer, Texas, USA, me te kaha kua whakaritea kia 5GW me te haumitanga neke atu i te $200 miriona, e matapaetia ana ka whakahaerehia i te tau 2024, ā, ka whakarewahia āna waeine hiko solar tino kaha whakaputa mana nui.
Kua hanga e LONGi Green Energy tētahi tipu waeine Illuminate USA i Patuxent, Ohio, USA i roto i tētahi hononga tahi me Invenergy, he kaiwhakawhanake hiko whakahou me te hiko ma o Amerika, me te kaha o te 5GW, kua tīmata te mahi i te tau 2023, ā, kei roto i te āhua pai o te mahi, ā, e 49% te hea o LONGi Green Energy i roto.
I hangaia e JA Solar tana wheketere hanga tuatahi i Amerika ki Phoenix, Arizona, me te kaha kua whakaritea kia tata ki te 2GW (kia kiia rānei ko te 400MW/tau) me te haumitanga o te US$60 miriona mō te hanga o ngā panera PV tino whai hua.
Kua hanga e JinkoSolar tētahi raina whakaputa kōwae rā hou i Jacksonville, Florida, US, ā, kua whakapai ake, kua whakawhānui ake hoki i tana tipu kōwae PV o nāianei, ā, kua whiwhi whiwhinga tāke.
I whakatūria e AT&S tētahi tipu waeine pūngao rā-pō i Mesquite, Texas, me te kaha o te 5GW me te haumitanga neke atu i te US$250 miriona, kua whakamahia hei whakahaere arumoni, ā, kua tukuna ngā waeine TOPCon i hangaia ki ngā kaituku pūngao rā o US.
Kei roto i te ao te hanga me te nui o ngā kaweake o ngā waeine PV o Haina, e whakaatu ana i tōna kaha ki te whakataetae i roto i te mākete.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i te International Energy Agency (IEA) me ētahi atu whakahaere, ko Haina te rangatira o te mekameka ahumahi PV o te ao. I te tau 2022, ko te hanga polysilicon, ngā wafer silicon, ngā pūtau me ngā kōwae a Haina i eke ki te 86%, 98%, 84% me te 88% o te putanga o te ao, e whakaatu ana i ngā painga nui a Haina i roto i te rāngai hanga PV.
I te 2 o ngā Whakaaturanga Mekameka, i kī a Yin Xiaopeng, te kaiwhakahaere o te Global Value Chain Research Institute o te University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), he umanga whakataetae te whakaputa hiko PV i Haina, ā, he tahora ā-roto, ā-waenga, ā-raro hoki ā ngā umanga Haina, he tahora e mau tonu ana te painga i roto i te umanga.
