Dongosolo losungira mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda lili ndi dongosolo la batri (kuphatikiza BMS), EMS, PCS, air conditioning, dongosolo loteteza moto, kuyang'anira ndi dongosolo la alamu, ndi zina zotero, zomwe BMS ndi EMS, monga gawo lolamulira lalikulu la dongosolo losungira mphamvu, zimakhala ndi udindo wofunikira wosamalira mabatire ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu motsatana, ndipo ntchito zawo, magwiridwe antchito ndi kufananiza mapulogalamu ndi zida zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo losungira mphamvu ndi phindu la ndalama zomwe zayikidwa.
Dongosolo Loyang'anira Mabatire (BMS): Poyang'anira kuzindikira mu dongosololi, imatha kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera makina osungira mabatire kuti atsimikizire chitetezo chawo, kukhazikika kwawo komanso magwiridwe antchito awo.
Dongosolo Loyang'anira Mphamvu (EMS): yomwe ili ndi udindo wopanga zisankho mu dongosololi, nthawi zambiri imatanthauza njira yoyendetsera mphamvu yolumikizidwa yoyendetsera ndi kulamulira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa malo osungira mphamvu a batri ya lithiamu, kuzindikira kuwunika ndi kuzindikira nthawi yeniyeni.
Dongosolo Losinthira Mphamvu (PCS):imayang'anira kugwira ntchito mu dongosolo, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa fakitale yosungiramo mphamvu, imayang'anira kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa mabatire ndikuchita kusintha kwa AC/DC kuti ipereke mphamvu mwachindunji ku katundu wa AC popanda gridi.
Dongosolo Loyang'anira Mabatire (BMS)
Dzina lonse la BMS ndi Battery Management System, zomwe zikutanthauza njira yaying'ono yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira njira yosungira mphamvu ya batri.
Ntchito
BMS imapangidwa makamaka ndi gawo lowunikira, gawo lowongolera, gawo lolumikizirana ndi zina. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwunika ndikuwongolera momwe batire ilili nthawi yeniyeni, kuphatikiza magetsi a batri, mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha, SOC ndi zina. Kuphatikiza apo, BMS imathanso kuteteza ndikuwongolera batri kuti iwonetsetse kuti batriyo ndi yotetezeka komanso yatha.
Pofuna kupewa kuti batire isadzaze kwambiri kapena kutulutsa mphamvu kwambiri, motero kutalikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya batri ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito batri.
Sikuti zokhazo, BMS imagwiranso ntchito yosanthula deta, imafunika kuwerengera ndikuwunika SOC ya batri (mphamvu yotsala ya batri) ndi SOH (mkhalidwe wa thanzi la batri), kuti ione momwe batri lilili, ndipo ikangopezeka chidziwitso chilichonse chosazolowereka, chidzafotokozedwa munthawi yake, kuti wogwiritsa ntchito adziwe kuti batriyo ili ndi vuto munthawi yake.
Kapangidwe ka Chidziwitso Chosiyanasiyana
Mu machitidwe ambiri a BMS, pali kapangidwe ka magawo atatu.
1. Gawo la pansi: Kapolo wa BMU, ntchito ya mulingo uwu makamaka ndikukwaniritsa kupeza kwa magetsi ndi kutentha kwa selo ya batri, ndipo imayang'anira njira yolumikizirana ya batri. Kupeza chidziwitso kumalumikizana ndi mulingo wachiwiri kudzera mu ulalo wolumikizirana, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito CAN kapena kulumikizana kwa daisy chain.
2. Gawo lapakati: Kulamulira kwakukulu BCU, ntchito zazikulu za mulingo uwu ndikuzindikira kusonkhanitsa kwa magetsi a cluster, zambiri za current ndi cluster insulation, kuwongolera ma contactors kuti ateteze batire, kusonkhanitsa zambiri kuchokera ku BMU ya gawo loyamba, ndi kuyerekezera momwe batire ilili (SoX). Zambirizi zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikutumizidwa ku gawo lachitatu kudzera mu ulalo wolumikizirana, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito CAN kapena Ethernet.
3. Gawo lapamwamba: Kulamulira kwanthawi zonse, kwa kasamalidwe ka gulu la mabatire. Ntchito yayikulu ya gawoli ndikusonkhanitsa chidziwitso chomwe chimatumizidwa ndi BCU yachiwiri, kusunga ndikuwonetsa chidziwitsocho, ndi zina zotero, ndi ntchito ya alamu yeniyeni, ndi ntchito yowongolera ndi kuyankha kwa kulumikizana kwa circuit breaker yayikulu, komanso ntchito yolumikizirana yeniyeni ndi PCS, EMS ndi kuyang'anira kwanuko.
Zofunikira zaukadaulo
Poyerekeza ndi BMS ya batire yamagetsi yamagalimoto, BMS yosungiramo mphamvu ili ndi kapangidwe kovuta kwambiri.
Choyamba, mphamvu ya batri, mulingo wake ndi wosiyana, kasamalidwe ka BMS ka mphamvu ndi kokwera, kulumikizana kotsatizana ndi kofanana kumafuna mabatire ambiri.
BMS ili ndi zofunikira zambiri pa kulumikizana kwa gridi. Pali zofunikira zambiri pa kulumikizana ndi gridi. Batire yamagetsi imalumikizidwa ku batire ndi makina amagetsi a galimoto, kotero zofunikira zaukadaulo ndizochepa.
Msika
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mabizinesi omwe akukhudzidwa ndi msika wa BMS, omwe ndi opanga magalimoto, opanga mabatire amphamvu, ndi opanga ma BMS odziyimira pawokha. Opanga magalimoto ndi opanga mabatire amachita bizinesi mwa kufufuza ndi chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha kapena chitukuko chogwirizana ndi ogulitsa ma BMS. Atsogoleri ambiri a mabatire amphamvu m'dziko muno monga BYD, Ningde Times, Guoxuan Gaoke ndi opanga mabatire amphamvu a AVIC Li-power amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya BMS+PACK yopangira mabatire ndi ma phukusi a BMS. Opanga ma BMS odziyimira pawokha pakadali pano ali ndi anthu ambiri omwe akutenga nawo mbali, ndipo mzere wa zinthu za BMS ukhoza kuperekedwa kumakampani osiyanasiyana.
Pakadali pano, makampani akuluakulu a BMS ku China ali ndi ubwino woonekeratu, makamaka mu 2022, mphamvu ya batire yatsopano yamagetsi ya BMS ku China yomwe yayikidwa pa gawo la opanga khumi apamwamba kwambiri ya 76.1%. Pakati pawo, makampani atatu apamwamba ndi BYD, Ningde Times ndi Tesla, onse omwe ndi opanga magalimoto ndi opanga mabatire, omwe ali ndi gawo la 26.4%, 16.9% ndi 9% motsatana. Gawo la opanga odziyimira pawokha a BMS ndi lochepa, ndipo wopanga wamkulu kwambiri wodziyimira pawokha wa BMS ku China, Li Xinneng, ali pa nambala wachinayi pankhani ya gawo, koma gawo lonse ndi 6.7% yokha.
Kusamuka kuchokera ku ntchito zoyambira kupita ku zapamwamba
1. Kudalirika Kwambiri
Popeza batire iliyonse ili ndi njira yake yowunikira ndi kulamulira, kudalirika kwa BMS yogawidwa kumakhala kwakukulu. Ngakhale batire imodzi italephera, mabatire ena amatha kugwirabe ntchito bwino, ndipo magwiridwe antchito onse a dongosololi sadzakhudzidwa kwambiri.
2. Zosavuta kusamalira ndikusintha
Popeza kapangidwe ka BMS yogawidwa ndi kosavuta, selo iliyonse ya batri imatha kugwira ntchito payokha, kotero kukonza ndi kukweza kumakhala kosavuta. Batri ikangolephera, imatha kusinthidwa mwachindunji popanda kutseka dongosolo lonse kuti ikonze ndi kukweza.
3. Kusinthasintha Kwamphamvu
Dongosolo loyang'anira ndi kulamulira la BMS yogawidwa limafalikira mu batire iliyonse, kotero dongosololi ndi losinthasintha. Maselo a batire amatha kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsedwa malinga ndi kufunikira kwenikweni, popanda kuganizira zovuta za dongosolo lonse logawidwa.
Dongosolo Loyang'anira Mphamvu (EMS)
EMS (Energy Management System), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti dongosolo loyendetsera mphamvu, ngakhale kuti gawo lonse la dongosolo losungira mphamvu si lalikulu kwambiri, koma ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lonse losungira mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri limatanthauza malamulo ndi kuwongolera malo osungira mphamvu a lithiamu batire, lomwe linayambitsa dongosolo loyendetsera mphamvu lophatikizana.
Bungwe
Dongosolo loyendetsera mphamvu lili ndi magawo angapo, adzawonetsedwa motere.
1. Kuyang'anira ndi kusonkhanitsa: Dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu limayang'anira kupanga, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu malo osungira mphamvu nthawi yeniyeni kudzera mu masensa ndi zida zoikira. Limatha kusonkhanitsa deta yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo momwe batire imachajira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu, kutentha, magetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kusanthula deta ndi kukonza bwino: Dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu limadalira ukadaulo wapamwamba wosanthula deta kuti ligwiritse ntchito ndikusanthula deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa kuti limvetsetse momwe ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo la mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito. Kudzera mu kusanthula deta, imatha kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo mu dongosolo la mphamvu ndikupereka malingaliro okonzanso, monga kusintha njira zolipirira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu komanso kukonza bwino momwe mphamvu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
3. Kukonza nthawi ndi kuwongolera mphamvu: Dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu limatha kukonza nthawi ndi kuwongolera mphamvu mwanzeru kutengera kufunikira kwa mphamvu nthawi yeniyeni komanso momwe dongosolo limagwirira ntchito. Lingathe kukonza bwino momwe malo osungiramo mphamvu amagwirira ntchito malinga ndi momwe magetsi amafunira, momwe magetsi amakhalira, kuchuluka kwa magetsi ndi zina, kuti ligwiritse ntchito bwino komanso kusunga mphamvu.
4. Kuzindikira zolakwika ndi chitetezo: Dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu limatha kuzindikira nthawi yake ndikuchenjeza za vuto lomwe lili pamalo osungira mphamvu, monga kutulutsa mphamvu mopitirira muyeso, kuchajidwa mopitirira muyeso, ndi kutentha kosayenera, kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo osungira mphamvu akugwira ntchito bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, lingathenso kulumikizidwa ndi makina ogawa magetsi kuti azitha kuyang'anira ndi kuteteza malo osungira mphamvu kutali.
Kukonza njira yogwirira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka njira zowongolera ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri
Kapangidwe ka njira yabwino yogwirira ntchito ndi njira yowongolera ndiye mfundo yaikulu komanso kuvutika kwa zinthu za EMS.
Poganizira za momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito, ndalama zogulira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu, komanso ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, komanso poganizira zofunikira pakuwongolera kayendedwe ka magetsi, kapangidwe ka njira zoyendetsera bwino ntchito ndi kuwongolera mphamvu kungathandize kupititsa patsogolo phindu la kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu ndikukweza ma index osiyanasiyana aukadaulo.
Zogulitsa za EMS nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito ngati mlatho pakati pa njira yosungira mphamvu ndi njira zodziwitsira zapamwamba.
Dongosolo losungira mphamvu likhoza kulumikizana ndi ndondomeko ya gridi, ndondomeko ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi pa intaneti, kuyanjana kwa "source-grid-load-storage", ndi zina zotero kudzera mu EMS.
Zogulitsa za EMS ndi ndondomeko ya gridi ndi mgwirizano wina wapafupi, ndipo mu ntchitoyo muli kufanana kwina, kampaniyo iyenera kumvetsetsa makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito a gridi, makampani aukadaulo wazidziwitso omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodziunjikira, amatha kupanga luso logwiritsanso ntchito, ali ndi mwayi winawake.
