Uhlelo lokugcina amandla ezimboni nezentengiselwano luqukethe uhlelo lwebhethri (kufaka phakathi i-BMS), i-EMS, i-PCS, umoya opholile, uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo, uhlelo lokuqapha kanye ne-alamu, njll., lapho i-BMS ne-EMS, njengeyunithi yokulawula eyinhloko yohlelo lokugcina amandla, zithwala umthwalo wemfanelo obalulekile wokuphathwa kwebhethri kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla ngokulandelana, futhi imisebenzi yazo, ukusebenza kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwesofthiwe kanye nehadiwe kuhlobene ngqo nokuphepha kokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokugcina amandla kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri (i-BMS): ithatha izintambo zokuzwa ohlelweni, ingaqapha futhi ilawule izinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwazo, ukuzinza kanye nokusebenza kwazo.
Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwamandla (i-EMS): inesibopho sokwenza izinqumo ohlelweni, ngokuvamile ibhekisela ohlelweni lokulawula nokulawula oluhlanganisiwe lokuphathwa kwamandla olwethulwe iziteshi zamandla okugcina amandla ebhethri le-lithium, oluqaphela ukuqapha kanye nokuxilongwa ngesikhathi sangempela.
Uhlelo Lokuguqulwa Kwamandla (i-PCS):enesibopho sokusebenza ohlelweni, iyingxenye ebalulekile yesitshalo sokugcina amandla, ilawula ukushaja nokukhipha amabhethri futhi yenza ukuguqulwa kwe-AC/DC ukuze inikeze amandla ngqo emithwalweni ye-AC uma kungekho gridi.
Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri (i-BMS)
Igama eliphelele le-BMS yi-Battery Management System, okusho ukuthi uhlelo olusetshenziswa ukuphatha uhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri.
Umsebenzi
I-BMS yakhiwe kakhulu yimojuli yokuqapha, imojuli yokulawula, imojuli yokuxhumana nezinye izingxenye. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqapha nokulawula isimo sebhethri ngesikhathi sangempela, okuhlanganisa i-voltage yebhethri, ugesi, izinga lokushisa, i-SOC kanye nezinye izinhlaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BMS ingavikela futhi ilawule ibhethri ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuphila kwebhethri.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ibhethri ukuthi lingashaji kakhulu futhi lingachithi isikhathi esiningi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe isikhathi sesevisi yebhethri futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwebhethri.
Akukhona lokho kuphela, i-BMS idlala indima yokuhlaziywa kwedatha, idinga ukubala nokuhlaziya i-SOC yebhethri (umthamo webhethri osele) kanye ne-SOH (isimo sempilo yebhethri), ukuze ibone isimo sebhethri, futhi uma sekukhona ulwazi olungajwayelekile, luzobikwa ngesikhathi, ukuze umsebenzisi azi ukuthi ibhethri linokukhubazeka ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukwakhiwa Kokuqwashisa Okunezigaba
Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-BMS, kunesakhiwo esinezigaba ezintathu.
1. Isendlalelo esingezansi: I-Slave BMU, umsebenzi waleli zinga ngokuyinhloko ukufeza ukutholwa kwe-voltage yeseli yebhethri kanye nokushisa, futhi unesibopho sokusetshenziswa kwesu lokulinganisa ibhethri. Ukutholwa kolwazi kuxhumana nezinga lesibili ngesixhumanisi sokuxhumana, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i-CAN noma ukuxhumana kwe-daisy chain.
2. Isendlalelo esiphakathi: I-BCU yokulawula eyinhloko, imisebenzi eyinhloko yaleli zinga ukuqaphela ukuqoqwa kwe-cluster voltage, ulwazi lwamanje kanye nolwe-cluster insulation, ukulawulwa kwama-contactor okuvikela iphakethe lebhethri, ukuqoqwa kolwazi oluvela ku-BMU yesigaba sokuqala, kanye nokulinganisa isimo sebhethri (i-SoX). Ulwazi luqoqwa futhi ludluliselwe esigabeni sesithathu ngesixhumanisi sokuxhumana, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i-CAN noma i-Ethernet.
3. Izinga eliphezulu: Ukulawula okuvamile, kokuphathwa kweqoqo lebhethri. Umsebenzi oyinhloko waleli zinga ukuqoqa ulwazi oludluliselwa yi-BCU yezinga lesibili, ukugcina nokubonisa ulwazi, njll., ngomsebenzi we-alamu yesikhathi sangempela, nomsebenzi wokulawula kanye nokuphendula kokuxhumana we-main circuit breaker, kanye nomsebenzi wokuxhumana wesikhathi sangempela nge-PCS, i-EMS kanye nokuqapha kwendawo.
Izidingo zobuchwepheshe
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-BMS yebhethri lamandla ezimoto, i-BMS yokugcina amandla inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Okokuqala, umthamo webhethri, izinga lihlukile, ukuphathwa kwe-BMS kwezinga lokunikezwa kwamandla kuphakeme, uchungechunge kanye nokuxhumeka okuhambisanayo kudinga amabhethri engeziwe.
I-BMS inezidingo eziphezulu zokuxhumeka kwegridi. Kunezidingo eziphezulu ekuxhumekeni negridi. Ibhethri lamandla lixhunywe ebhethrini kanye nohlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lwemoto, ngakho-ke izidingo zobuchwepheshe ziphansi.
Imakethe
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamabhizinisi ahilelekile emakethe ye-BMS, okungukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto, abakhiqizi bamabhethri kagesi, kanye nabakhiqizi be-BMS abazimele. Abakhiqizi bezimoto nabakhiqizi bamabhethri benza ibhizinisi ngendlela yocwaningo oluzimele kanye nentuthuko noma intuthuko yokubambisana nabahlinzeki be-BMS. Iningi labaholi bamabhethri kagesi asekhaya njenge-BYD, i-Ningde Times, i-Guoxuan Gaoke kanye nabakhiqizi bamabhethri e-AVIC Li-power basebenzisa indlela yokwakheka kwe-BMS+PACK ukuze banikeze amaphakethe ebhethri namaphakheji e-BMS. Abakhiqizi be-BMS abazimele njengamanje banenani elikhulu labahlanganyeli, futhi umugqa womkhiqizo we-BMS unganikezwa ezimbonini eziningi.
Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amakhulu embonini ye-BMS yaseShayina anezinzuzo ezisobala, ikakhulukazi, ngo-2022, amandla amasha ebhethri lamandla kagesi laseShayina i-BMS afakwe yisabelo sabakhiqizi abayishumi abaphezulu esingu-76.1%. Phakathi kwazo, izinkampani ezintathu eziphezulu yi-BYD, i-Ningde Times kanye ne-Tesla, zonke ezingabakhiqizi bezimoto kanye nabakhiqizi bamabhethri, ezinesabelo esingu-26.4%, 16.9% kanye no-9% ngokulandelana. Isabelo sabakhiqizi be-BMS abazimele siphansi kakhulu, kanti umkhiqizi omkhulu we-BMS ozimele eShayina, uLi Xinneng, ubekwe endaweni yesine ngokwesabelo, kodwa isabelo sisonke singama-6.7% kuphela.
Ukusuka emisebenzini eyisisekelo kuya kwethuthukile
1. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu
Njengoba iyunithi ngayinye yebhethri inesistimu yayo yokuqapha nokulawula, ukuthembeka kwe-BMS esakazwayo kuphakeme. Ngisho noma ibhethri elilodwa lihluleka, amanye amabhethri angasebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi ukusebenza kwesistimu iyonke ngeke kuthinteke kakhulu.
2. Kulula ukuyinakekela nokuyithuthukisa
Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo se-BMS esatshalaliswe silula, iseli ngalinye lebhethri lingasebenza ngokuzimela, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa kulula kakhulu. Uma iyunithi yebhethri yehluleka, ingashintshwa ngqo ngaphandle kokuvala lonke uhlelo ukuze kulungiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe.
3. Ukuguquguquka Okuqinile
Uhlelo lokuqapha nokulawula lwe-BMS esabalele luhlakazekile kuyunithi ngayinye yebhethri, ngakho uhlelo luguquguquka kakhudlwana. Amaseli ebhethri angandiswa noma ancishiswe ngokuya ngesidingo sangempela, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngobunzima besistimu iyonke esabalele.
Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwamandla (i-EMS)
I-EMS (Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwamandla), eyaziwa nangokuthi uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamandla, yize ingxenye yohlelo lonke lokugcina amandla ingenkulu kakhulu, kodwa iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sohlelo lonke lokugcina amandla. Ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekulawulweni nasekulawulweni kwesiteshi samandla sokugcina ibhethri le-lithium, yasungula uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamandla oluhlanganisiwe.
Inhlangano
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamandla luhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana, zizoboniswa njengoba zingezansi.
1. Ukuqapha nokuqoqwa: Uhlelo lokuphatha amandla luqapha ukukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla endaweni yokugcina amandla ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa izinzwa kanye nemishini yokusakaza. Luyakwazi ukuqoqa idatha ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isimo sokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri, izinga lokushisa, i-voltage, ugesi, njalo njalo.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nokwenza ngcono: Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamandla luthembele kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuhlaziya idatha ukuze lucubungule futhi luhlaziye idatha eqoqwe ukuze luqonde isimo sokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lwamandla. Ngokuhlaziya idatha, lungabona izinkinga ezingaba khona ohlelweni lwamandla futhi lunikeze iziphakamiso zokwenza ngcono, njengokulungisa amasu okushaja nokukhipha amandla kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
3. Ukuhlela nokulawula amandla: Uhlelo lokuphatha amandla lungahlela futhi lulawule amandla ngobuhlakani ngokusekelwe ekudingweni kwamandla ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokusebenza kohlelo. Lungahlela ngokufanele ukusebenza kokushaja nokukhipha amandla kwezindawo zokugcina amandla ngokwesimo sokufunwa, isimo sentengo kagesi, umthwalo wegridi nezinye izici, ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa nokulondolozwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo.
4. Ukutholwa kwamaphutha nokuvikelwa kokuphepha: Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamandla lungabona ngesikhathi futhi luxwayise izimo zamaphutha endaweni yokugcina amandla, njengokukhipha ibhethri ngokweqile, ukushaja ngokweqile, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinga lokushisa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwendawo yokugcina amandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungaxhunyaniswa nohlelo lwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ukuze kufezwe ukulawula okukude nokuvikelwa kwezindawo zokugcina amandla.
Ukuthuthukisa isu lokusebenza kanye nomklamo wesu lokulawula kuyiphuzu elibalulekile
Ukwakhiwa kwesu lokusebenza elithuthukisiwe kanye nesu lokulawula kuyiphuzu eliyinhloko kanye nobunzima bemikhiqizo ye-EMS.
Uma kucatshangelwa izici zokushaja nokukhipha isitoreji samandla, izindleko zokushaja nokukhipha iyunithi yokugcina amandla, kanye nezinzuzo zesicelo sokugcina amandla, futhi ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula ukuthunyelwa kwegridi, ukwakheka kwamasu okusebenza nokulawula alungiselelwe kungathuthukisa izinzuzo zomnotho zokusebenza kwesistimu yokugcina amandla futhi kuthuthukise izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezahlukahlukene.
Imikhiqizo ye-EMS ngokuvamile isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kohlelo lokugcina amandla kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungajoyina ukuhlela igridi, ukuhlela isitshalo samandla esibonakalayo, ukusebenzisana "kwesitoreji somthombo-igridi-umthwalo-wesitoreji", njll. nge-EMS.
Imikhiqizo ye-EMS kanye nokuhlela igridi kanye nokunye ukuxhumanisa okuseduze, futhi emsebenzini unokufana okuthile, inkampani idinga ukuqonda izici zokusebenza kwegridi, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe bolwazi ezisebenzisa igridi ezijulile zinolwazi lokuqoqa, zingakha ikhono lokusebenzisa kabusha, zinenzuzo ethile.
