Ko te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni kei roto ko te pūnaha pākahiko (tae atu ki te BMS), te EMS, te PCS, te hauhautanga, te pūnaha tiaki ahi, te pūnaha aroturuki me te whakaoho, me ētahi atu. Ko te BMS me te EMS, hei waeine whakahaere matua o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, e mau ana i te kawenga nui o te whakahaere pākahiko me te whakahaere pūngao, ā, ko ā rātou mahi, te mahi me te taurite o te pūmanawa me te taputapu e pā tika ana ki te haumaru o te whakamahinga o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao me te hokinga mai o te haumi.
Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko (BMS): e whakahaere ana i te pūoko i roto i te pūnaha, ka taea e ia te aroturuki me te whakahaere i ngā pūnaha rokiroki pākahiko kia pai ai te haumaru, te pumau me te mahi.
Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūngao (EMS)Ko te kawenga mō te whakatau kaupapa i roto i te pūnaha, e pā ana ki te whakahaere me te whakahaere i te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao whakauru kua whakarewahia mō ngā teihana hiko rokiroki pūngao pākahiko lithium, e whakatutuki ana i te aroturukitanga me te tātaritanga wā-tūturu.
Pūnaha Whakawhiti Mana (PCS)Ko te pūhiko te kawenga mō te whakahaere i roto i te pūnaha, he wāhanga matua o te tipu rokiroki pūngao, e whakahaere ana i te utu me te tuku i ngā pākahiko me te mahi i te tahuritanga AC/DC hei tuku hiko tika ki ngā kawenga AC i te korenga o te whatunga hiko.
Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko (BMS)
Ko te ingoa katoa o te BMS ko te Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko, arā, ko te pūnaha iti e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao pākahiko.
Mahi
Ko te nuinga o te BMS he waeine aroturuki, he waeine whakahaere, he waeine whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko tana mahi matua he aroturuki me te whakahaere i te tūnga o te pākahiko i te wā tūturu, tae atu ki te ngaohiko o te pākahiko, te iahiko, te pāmahana, te SOC me ētahi atu tawhā. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te BMS te tiaki me te whakahaere i te pākahiko kia mau ai te haumaru me te roa o te ora o te pākahiko.
Hei ārai i te nui rawa o te utu me te kore e pau te pākahiko, ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga.
Ehara i te mea koinā anake, ko te mahi a te BMS he tātari raraunga, me tatau me te tātari i te SOC (te toenga o te kaha o te pākahiko) me te SOH (te āhua o te hauora o te pākahiko) o te pākahiko, kia taea ai te tirotiro i te āhua o te pākahiko, ā, ina kitea he mōhiohio rerekē, ka ripoatahia i te wā tika, kia mōhio ai te kaiwhakamahi he rerekē te pākahiko i te wā tika.
Hanganga Mōhiotanga Paparanga
I roto i te nuinga o ngā pūnaha BMS, e toru ngā taumata o te hoahoanga.
1. Papa raro: BMU pononga, ko te mahi matua o tēnei taumata ko te whakatutuki i te whiwhinga o te ngaohiko me te pāmahana o te pūtau pākahiko, ā, koia te kawenga mō te whakatinanatanga o te rautaki whakataurite pākahiko. Ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero te whiwhinga mōhiohio ki te taumata tuarua mā te hononga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, mā te whakamahi i te CAN, i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mekameka daisy rānei.
2. Paparanga Waenga: Te mana whakahaere matua o te BCU, ko ngā mahi matua o tēnei taumata ko te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio mō te ngaohiko taupū, te iahiko me te ārai taupū, te whakahaere i ngā hononga hei tiaki i te kete pākahiko, te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio mai i te BMU wāhanga tuatahi, me te aromatawai i te āhua o te pākahiko (SoX). Ka kohia ngā mōhiohio, ka tukuna ki te wāhanga tuatoru mā te hononga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, mā te whakamahi i te CAN, i te Ethernet rānei.
3. Taumata o runga: Mana whakahaere whānui, mō te whakahaere i ngā tautau pākahiko. Ko te mahi matua o tēnei taumata ko te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio e tukuna ana e te BCU taumata tuarua, te penapena me te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio, me ētahi atu, me te mahi whakaoho wā-tūturu, me te mahi whakahaere me te urupare whakapā o te kaiwawao ara iahiko matua, me te mahi whakawhitiwhiti wā-tūturu me te PCS, EMS me te aroturuki ā-rohe.
Ngā whakaritenga hangarau
Ki te whakaritea ki te BMS mō te pākahiko hiko motuka, he uaua ake te hanganga o ngā BMS rokiroki hiko.
Tuatahi, he rerekē te kaha o te pākahiko, he teitei ake te taumata whakahaere BMS o te tuku hiko, ā, he nui ake ngā pākahiko e hiahiatia ana mō te hononga raupapa me te hononga whakarara.
He nui ake ngā whakaritenga a te BMS mō te hononga whatunga. He nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te hononga ki te whatunga. Ka honoa te pākahiko hiko ki te pākahiko me te pūnaha hiko o te waka, nō reira he iti ake ngā whakaritenga hangarau.
Mākete
E toru ngā momo hinonga matua e uru ana ki te mākete BMS, arā, ko ngā kaihanga waka, ngā kaihanga pākahiko hiko, me ngā kaihanga BMS motuhake. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaihanga waka me ngā kaihanga pākahiko he pakihi i roto i te ahua o te rangahau me te whanaketanga motuhake, te whanaketanga tahi rānei me ngā kaiwhakarato BMS. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiārahi pākahiko hiko ā-rohe pērā i a BYD, Ningde Times, Guoxuan Gaoke me ngā kaihanga pākahiko AVIC Li-power e whakamahi ana i te aratau tahora BMS+PACK hei whakarato i ngā kete pākahiko me ngā kete BMS. He nui ngā kaiuru o ngā kaihanga BMS motuhake i tēnei wā, ā, ka taea te tuku i te raina hua BMS ki ngā ahumahi maha.
I tēnei wā, he mārama ngā painga o ngā umanga matua o te umanga BMS o Haina, inā koa, i te tau 2022, ko te kaha tāuta o te pākahiko BMS hou o Haina kei roto i ngā kaihanga tekau o runga ko te 76.1%. I roto i a rātou, ko ngā kamupene matua e toru ko BYD, Ningde Times me Tesla, he kaihanga waka me he kaihanga pākahiko katoa, me te 26.4%, 16.9% me te 9% te hea. He iti noa te hea o ngā kaihanga BMS motuhake, ā, ko te kaihanga BMS motuhake nui rawa atu i Haina, ko Li Xinneng, te tuawhā o ngā hea, engari ko te hea whānui he 6.7%.
Te neke mai i ngā mahi taketake ki ngā mahi matatau
1. Te pono teitei ake
Nā te mea he pūnaha aroturuki me te whakahaere motuhake tō ia wae pākahiko, he nui ake te pono o ngā BMS tohatoha. Ahakoa ka pakaru te pākahiko kotahi, ka taea tonu e ētahi atu pākahiko te mahi noa, ā, kāore e tino pāngia te mahi whānui o te pūnaha.
2. He ngāwari ki te tiaki me te whakapai ake
Nā te mea he māmā noa te hanganga o ngā BMS tohatoha, ka taea e ia pūtau pākahiko te mahi takitahi, nō reira he māmā noa te tiaki me te whakapai ake. Kia pakaru te wae pākahiko, ka taea te whakakapi tika me te kore e kati i te pūnaha katoa mō te tiaki me te whakapai ake.
3. Ngāwari ake te ngāwari
Kei roto i ia wae pākahiko te pūnaha aroturuki me te whakahaere o ngā BMS tohatoha, nō reira he ngāwari ake te pūnaha. Ka taea te whakanui, te whakaiti rānei i ngā pūtau pākahiko i runga i te hiahia tuturu, me te kore e whakaaro ki te uauatanga o te pūnaha tohatoha katoa.
Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūngao (EMS)
Ko te EMS (Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūngao), e mōhiotia ana ko te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao, ahakoa kāore i te tino nui te ōwehenga o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao katoa, he wāhanga matua tino nui o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao katoa. Ko te tikanga e pā ana ki te whakahaere me te whakahaere i te pākahiko lithium i whakarewahia e te teihana hiko he pūnaha whakahaere pūngao whakauru.
Whakahaere
He maha ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao, ka whakaaturia ēnei i raro nei.
1. Te aroturuki me te kohikohi: Ka aroturukihia e te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao te whakaputanga, te rokiroki me te whakamahinga o te pūngao i roto i te whare rokiroki pūngao i te wā tūturu mā roto i ngā pūoko me ngā taputapu taputapu. Ka taea e ia te kohikohi i ngā momo raraunga, tae atu ki te āhua o te utu me te tukunga o te pākahiko, te pāmahana, te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me ētahi atu.
2. Te tātari raraunga me te arotau: Ka whakawhirinaki te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao ki te hangarau tātari raraunga matatau hei tukatuka me te tātari i ngā raraunga kua kohia kia mārama ai ki te āhua mahi me te mahinga o te pūnaha pūngao. Mā te tātari raraunga, ka taea te tautuhi i ngā raruraru pea i roto i te pūnaha pūngao me te whakarato i ngā whakaaro arotau, pērā i te whakarerekē i ngā rautaki utu me te tuku me te arotau i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao.
3. Te whakarite me te whakahaere i te pūngao: Ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao te whakarite me te whakahaere i te pūngao i runga i te tono pūngao me te whakahaere i te pūnaha i te wā tūturu. Ka taea e ia te whakarite i te mahi utu me te tukunga o ngā whare rokiroki pūngao kia rite ki te matapae tono, te āhua o te utu hiko, te kawenga whatunga me ētahi atu āhuatanga, kia tutuki ai te whakamahinga me te penapena pūngao whai hua.
4. Te kimi hapa me te tiaki haumaru: Ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao te kimi me te whakaoho i ngā āhuatanga hapa i roto i te whare rokiroki pūngao i te wā tika, pērā i te tukunga nui rawa o te pākahiko, te utu nui rawa, me te rerekētanga o te pāmahana, kia mau ai te haumaru o te whare rokiroki pūngao. I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki te hono atu ki te pūnaha whatunga tohatoha hei whakatutuki i te mana mamao me te tiaki i ngā whare rokiroki pūngao.
Ko te arotautanga o te rautaki whakahaere me te hoahoa rautaki whakahaere te kaupapa matua
Ko te hoahoa i te rautaki whakahaere kua arotauhia me te rautaki whakahaere te kaupapa matua me te uauatanga o ngā hua EMS.
I runga i ngā āhuatanga o te utu me te tukunga rokiroki hiko, ngā utu utu me te tukunga waeine rokiroki hiko, me ngā painga o te tono rokiroki hiko, ā, i raro i te kaupapa o te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere tuku whatunga, ka taea e te hoahoa o ngā rautaki whakahaere me te whakahaere kua arotau te whakarei ake i ngā painga ōhanga o te whakahaere pūnaha rokiroki hiko me te whakapai ake i ngā taupū hangarau.
Ko ngā hua EMS te tikanga he piriti i waenga i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao me ngā pūnaha mōhiohio taumata teitei ake.
Ka taea e te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao te hono atu ki te whakaritenga whatunga hiko, te whakaritenga tipu hiko mariko, te taunekeneke "pūtake-whatunga-kawenga-rokiroki", me ētahi atu mā te EMS.
Ngā hua EMS me te whakaritenga whatunga me ētahi atu whakaritenga tata, ā, i roto i te mahi he rite tonu, me mārama te kamupene ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te whatunga, he mōhiotanga kei ngā kamupene hangarau mōhiohio taha-whatunga parau hohonu hei kohikohi, ka taea te hanga i te kaha ki te whakamahi anō, he painga anō hoki.
