Sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba mumaindasitiri nemabhizimisi ine sisitimu yemabhatiri (kusanganisira BMS), EMS, PCS, air conditioning, sisitimu yekudzivirira moto, monitoring uye alarm system, nezvimwewo, izvo BMS neEMS, sechikamu chikuru chekudzora sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba, zvine basa guru rekutarisira mabhatiri nekutarisira simba zvakateerana, uye mabasa avo, mashandiro uye kufananidza software nehardware zvine chekuita zvakananga nekuchengetedzeka kwekushandiswa kwesisitimu yekuchengetedza simba uye kudzoka kwemari inoiswa.
Sisitimu Yekutarisira Mabhatiri (BMS): ichitora basa rekuona zviri musystem, inogona kutarisa nekudzora masisitimu ekuchengetera mabhatiri kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti akachengeteka, akasimba uye anoshanda.
Sisitimu Yekutarisira Simba (EMS): ine basa rekuita sarudzo muhurongwa, inowanzo kureva sisitimu yekutonga simba yakabatanidzwa yakatangwa yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvekuchengetedza simba zve lithium battery, zvichiita kuti pave nekutarisa uye kuongorora panguva chaiyo.
Sisitimu Yekushandura Simba (PCS):inoshanda pakuitwa kwemagetsi musystem, chikamu chakakosha chefekitori yekuchengetera simba, ichidzora kuchaja nekuburitsa mabhatiri uye ichishandura AC/DC kuti ipe simba zvakananga kuAC loads pasina grid.
Sisitimu Yekutarisira Mabhatiri (BMS)
Zita rakazara reBMS ndiBattery Management System, zvinoreva kuti subsystem inoshandiswa kugadzirisa system yekuchengetedza simba rebhatiri.
Basa
BMS inonyanya kuumbwa ne module yekutarisa, module yekudzora, module yekutaurirana nezvimwe zvikamu. Basa rayo guru nderekutarisa nekudzora mamiriro ebhatiri panguva chaiyo, kusanganisira voltage yebhatiri, magetsi emagetsi, tembiricha, SOC nezvimwe zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, BMS inogona zvakare kuchengetedza nekudzora bhatiri kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bhatiri rakachengeteka uye rinogara kwenguva refu.
Kudzivirira bhatiri kuti risachaji zvakanyanya kana kuburitsa simba rakawanda, nokudaro zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandisa bhatiri.
Kwete izvozvo chete, BMS inoitawo basa rekuongorora data, inofanirwa kuverenga nekuongorora SOC yebhatiri (simba rebhatiri riri kusara) uye SOH (mamiriro ehutano hwebhatiri), kuitira kuti ione mamiriro ebhatiri, uye kana paine ruzivo rusina kujairika, ruchaziviswa panguva, kuitira kuti mushandisi azive kuti bhatiri rine dambudziko panguva.
Magadzirirwo Ekuzivisa Vanhu Zvakarongwa
Mumazhinji masisitimu eBMS, kune dhizaini yematanho matatu.
1. Chidimbu chepazasi: BMU inoshanda semuranda, basa rechikamu ichi nderekuwana voltage yemasero ebhatiri netembiricha, uye ndiyo inotarisira kuita hurongwa hwekuenzanisa bhatiri. Kuwana ruzivo kunotaurirana nechikamu chechipiri kuburikidza nechinongedzo chekutaurirana, kazhinji uchishandisa CAN kana daisy chain communication.
2. Chikamu chepakati: Chinodzora chikuru BCU, mabasa makuru echikamu ichi ndeekuona kuunganidzwa kwemagetsi eboka, ruzivo rwemagetsi emagetsi nerubatsiro rwekudzivirira ma cluster, kudzora ma contactor ekudzivirira mabhatiri, kuunganidzwa kwemashoko kubva kuBMU yekutanga, uye kufungidzira mamiriro ebhatiri (SoX). Ruzivo urwu runounganidzwa uye rwunotaurirwa nechikamu chechitatu kuburikidza ne link yekutaurirana, kazhinji uchishandisa CAN kana Ethernet.
3. Chikamu chepamusoro: Kudzora kwakajairika, kwekutarisira mabhatiri. Basa guru rechikamu ichi kuunganidza ruzivo rwunotumirwa neBCU yechipiri, kuchengeta nekuratidza ruzivo, nezvimwewo, nebasa realarm renguva chaiyo, nebasa rekutonga nemhinduro yekutaurirana remain circuit breaker, uye nebasa rekutaurirana renguva chaiyo nePCS, EMS nekutarisa kwenzvimbo.
Zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi
Kana tichienzanisa neBMS yebhatiri remagetsi emotokari, BMS yekuchengetedza simba ine chimiro chakaoma kunzwisisa.
Chekutanga, kugona kwebhatiri, nhanho yacho yakasiyana, manejimendi yeBMS yesimba remagetsi yakakwira, kubatana kwakabatana kwakafanana kwaida mabhatiri akawanda.
BMS ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakubatanidza grid. Pane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakubatanidza negrid. Bhatiri remagetsi rakabatana nebhatiri uye sisitimu yemagetsi yemotokari, saka zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvakaderera.
Musika
Kune mhando nhatu huru dzemakambani ari mumusika weBMS, dzinoti vagadziri vemotokari, vagadziri vemabhatiri emagetsi, uye vagadziri veBMS vakazvimiririra. Vagadziri vemotokari nevagadziri vemabhatiri vanoita bhizinesi nenzira yekutsvagisa nekugadzira vakazvimiririra kana kushandira pamwe nevatengesi veBMS. Vazhinji vevatungamiriri vemabhatiri emagetsi emuno vakaita seBYD, Ningde Times, Guoxuan Gaoke naAVIC Li-power vagadziri vanoshandisa nzira yeBMS+PACK yekupa mapaki emabhatiri nemapaki eBMS. Vagadziri veBMS vakazvimiririra parizvino vane nhamba yakakura yevatori vechikamu, uye mhando yechigadzirwa cheBMS inogona kupihwa kumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.
Parizvino, makambani makuru eindasitiri yeBMS muChina ane zvakanakira zviri pachena, kunyanya, muna 2022, BMS yemabhatiri matsva esimba remagetsi eChina yakaiswa muhuwandu hwe76.1% yevagadziri gumi vepamusoro. Pakati pavo, makambani matatu epamusoro ndiBYD, Ningde Times naTesla, ese ari vagadziri vemotokari nevagadziri vemabhatiri, ane mugove we26.4%, 16.9% uye 9% zvichiteerana. Mugove wevagadziri veBMS vakazvimiririra wakaderera, uye mugadziri mukuru weBMS akazvimiririra muChina, Li Xinneng, ari pachinzvimbo chechina maererano nemugove, asi mugove wese uri 6.7% chete.
Kuchinja kubva pamabasa ekutanga kuenda kumabasa epamusoro
1. Kuvimbika kwakanyanya
Sezvo bhatiri rega rega riine sisitimu yaro yekutarisa nekudzora, kuvimbika kweBMS yakaparadzirwa kwakanyanya. Kunyangwe bhatiri rimwe chete rikakundikana, mamwe mabhatiri anogona kuramba achishanda zvakanaka, uye mashandiro ese esisitimu haazokanganisike zvakanyanya.
2. Zviri nyore kuchengetedza uye kusimudzira
Nekuti chimiro cheBMS yakaparadzirwa chiri nyore, sero rega rega rebhatiri rinogona kushanda rakazvimiririra, saka kugadzirisa nekusimudzira kuri nyore. Kana bhatiri rakundikana, rinogona kutsiviwa zvakananga pasina kudzima sisitimu yese yekugadzirisa nekusimudzira.
3. Kuchinjika Kwakasimba
Sisitimu yekutarisa nekudzora yeBMS yakapararira mubhatiri rega rega, saka sisitimu yacho inochinjika zviri nyore. Masero ebhatiri anogona kuwedzerwa kana kuderedzwa zvichienderana nekudiwa chaiko, pasina kufunga nezvekuoma kwesisitimu yacho yese yakagoverwa.
Sisitimu Yekutarisira Simba (EMS)
EMS (Sisitimu Yekutarisira Simba), inozivikanwawo seSisitimu Yekutarisira Simba, kunyangwe chikamu chesisitimu yese yekuchengetedza simba chisina kukura zvakanyanya, asi chikamu chakakosha chesisitimu yese yekuchengetedza simba. Kazhinji zvinoreva kutonga uye kudzora chiteshi chemagetsi chekuchengetedza lithium battery chakatanga sisitimu yekutarisira simba yakabatana.
Sangano
Sisitimu yekutarisira simba inosanganisira zvikamu zvakati wandei, zvicharatidzwa sezviri pazasi.
1. Kutarisa nekuunganidza: Sisitimu yekutarisira simba inoongorora kugadzirwa, kuchengetwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba munzvimbo yekuchengetera simba panguva chaiyo kuburikidza nemasensa nemidziyo yekushandisa. Inokwanisa kuunganidza data rakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mamiriro ekuchaja nekubvisa bhatiri, tembiricha, voltage, current, nezvimwewo.
2. Kuongororwa kwedata uye kugadzirisa: Sisitimu yekutarisira simba inoshandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzirisa data kuti igadzirise uye iongorore data rakaunganidzwa kuitira kuti inzwisise mamiriro ekushanda uye mashandiro esimba. Kuburikidza nekuongorora data, inogona kuona matambudziko angangoitika musimba uye kupa mazano ekugadzirisa, akadai sekugadzirisa nzira dzekuchaja nekuburitsa simba uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo esimba zvakanaka.
3. Kuronga nekudzora simba: Sisitimu yekutarisira simba inogona kuronga nekudzora simba zvine hungwaru zvichibva pakudiwa kwesimba panguva chaiyo uye mashandiro esisitimu. Inogona kuronga zvine hungwaru mashandiro ekuchaja nekuburitsa simba munzvimbo dzekuchengetera simba zvichienderana nekufanotaura kwekudiwa, mamiriro emutengo wemagetsi, mutoro wegridi nezvimwe zvinhu, kuitira kuti ishandise simba nemazvo uye kuchengetedza simba.
4. Kuona zvikanganiso uye dziviriro yekuchengetedzeka: Sisitimu yekutarisira simba inogona kuona nekukasika uye kunyevera mamiriro ezvikanganiso munzvimbo yekuchengetera simba, zvakaita sekubuda kwebhatiri zvakanyanya, kuchaja zvakanyanya, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwetembiricha, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yekuchengetera simba inoshanda zvakachengeteka. Panguva imwe chete, inogona zvakare kubatanidzwa nehurongwa hwenetwork yekugovera kuti iite kudzora nekudzivirira nzvimbo dzekuchengetera simba kure.
Kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekushanda uye dhizaini yehurongwa hwekudzora ndiyo pfungwa huru
Kugadzirwa kwehurongwa hwekushanda hwakagadziriswa uye hurongwa hwekudzora ndiyo pfungwa huru uye kuoma kwezvigadzirwa zveEMS.
Tichifunga nezvehunhu hwekuchaja nekuburitsa simba rekuchengetedza magetsi, mari yekuchaja nekuburitsa simba rekuchengetedza magetsi, uye mabhenefiti ekushandisa kuchengetedza simba, uye zvichitevera zvinodiwa zvekudzora grid dispatch, dhizaini yemaitiro ekushanda nekutonga akagadziridzwa inogona kuwedzera mabhenefiti ehupfumi ekushanda kwesystem yekuchengetedza simba uye kuvandudza ma index akasiyana-siyana ehunyanzvi.
Zvigadzirwa zveEMS zvinowanzo shanda sebhiriji pakati pehurongwa hwekuchengetera simba nehurongwa hweruzivo hwepamusoro.
Sisitimu yekuchengetera simba inogona kubatana nekuronga grid, kuronga kwemagetsi emagetsi ari paindaneti, kudyidzana kwe "source-grid-load-storage", nezvimwewo kuburikidza neEMS.
Zvigadzirwa zveEMS uye kuronga grid uye zvimwe zvinoshanda pamwe chete, uye mukushanda kwacho kune kufanana kwakati, kambani inofanirwa kunzwisisa hunhu hwekushanda kwegrid, makambani ane ruzivo rwekuunganidza ruzivo, anogona kugadzira kugona kushandisazve, uye ane mukana wekuti awane chimwe chinhu.
