Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu mu nganda no mu bucuruzi igizwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (harimo na BMS), EMS, PCS, icyuma gikonjesha, sisitemu yo kurinda inkongi, sisitemu yo kugenzura no gutanga amakuru, nibindi, aho BMS na EMS, nk'ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ububiko bw'ingufu, bifite inshingano zikomeye zo gucunga bateri no gucunga ingufu, kandi imikorere yabyo, imikorere no guhuza porogaramu na hardware bifitanye isano itaziguye n'umutekano w'ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu n'inyungu ku ishoramari.
Sisitemu yo gucunga batiri (BMS): ifata inshingano zo kumenya muri sisitemu, ishobora gukurikirana no kugenzura sisitemu zo kubika bateri kugira ngo irebe ko zifite umutekano, zihamye kandi zikora neza.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS): ishinzwe gufata ibyemezo muri sisitemu, muri rusange yerekeza ku buryo bwo gucunga no kugenzura ingufu buhuriweho bwatangijwe ku bigo by'amashanyarazi bibika bateri ya lithiamu, bigakurikirana kandi bigasuzuma mu buryo bwihuse.
Sisitemu yo Guhindura Ingufu (PCS):ishinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa muri sisitemu, ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'uruganda rubika ingufu, rugenzura gusharija no gusohora bateri no guhindura AC/DC kugira ngo itange ingufu mu buryo butaziguye ku mitwaro ya AC mu gihe nta gridi y'amashanyarazi irimo.
Sisitemu yo gucunga batiri (BMS)
Izina ryuzuye rya BMS ni Sisitemu yo Gucunga Bateri, bivuze sisitemu nto ikoreshwa mu gucunga sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri.
Imikorere
BMS igizwe ahanini na module yo kugenzura, module yo kugenzura, module yo gutumanaho n'ibindi bice. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukugenzura no kugenzura imiterere ya bateri mu gihe nyacyo, harimo voltage ya bateri, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, SOC n'ibindi bipimo. Byongeye kandi, BMS ishobora kandi kurinda no kugenzura bateri kugira ngo irebe ko bateri ihora ikora neza kandi ikora neza.
Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko bateri ishyuha cyane cyangwa ngo ishyuhe cyane, bityo bikongera igihe cyo gukora bateri no kunoza imikorere ya bateri.
Si ibyo gusa, BMS inagira uruhare mu gusesengura amakuru, igomba kubara no gusesengura SOC (ubushobozi bwa bateri busigaye) na SOH (imiterere y'ubuzima bwa bateri), kugira ngo irebe uko bateri ihagaze, kandi iyo habayeho amakuru adasanzwe, azatangazwa ku gihe, kugira ngo umukoresha amenye ko bateri ifite ikibazo ku gihe.
Imiterere y'Ubumenyi bw'Ibyiciro
Muri sisitemu nyinshi za BMS, hari imiterere y'ibice bitatu.
1. Icyiciro cyo hasi: BMU y'abacakara, inshingano y'uru rwego ni ugukora cyane cyane kugira ngo bateri ibone voltage n'ubushyuhe, kandi ishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kuringaniza bateri. Gushakisha amakuru bihuza n'urwego rwa kabiri binyuze mu buryo bw'itumanaho, ubusanzwe hakoreshejwe CAN cyangwa itumanaho rya daisy chain.
2. Icyiciro cyo hagati: Igenzura nyamukuru rya BCU, inshingano z'ingenzi z'uru rwego ni ugukusanya voltage ya cluster, amakuru ajyanye n'amashanyarazi n'ubwishingizi bw'amatsinda, kugenzura contactors zo kurinda bateri, gukusanya amakuru aturutse kuri BMU yo mu cyiciro cya mbere, no gupima imiterere ya bateri (SoX). Amakuru akusanywa kandi agashyikirizwa icyiciro cya gatatu binyuze mu itumanaho, ubusanzwe hakoreshejwe CAN cyangwa Ethernet.
3. Urwego rwo hejuru: Igenzura rusange, ryo gucunga bateri. Inshingano nyamukuru y'uru rwego ni ugukusanya amakuru yoherezwa na BCU yo ku rwego rwa kabiri, kubika no kwerekana amakuru, nibindi, hamwe n'imikorere y'itangazo ry'igihe nyacyo, hamwe n'imikorere yo kugenzura no gusubiza amakuru y'aho umuntu aherereye ya circuit breaker, hamwe n'imikorere y'itumanaho ry'igihe nyacyo hamwe na PCS, EMS n'igenzura ry'aho umuntu aherereye.
Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki
Ugereranyije na BMS yo gukoresha batiri y'ingufu z'imodoka, BMS yo kubika ingufu ifite imiterere igoye cyane.
Mbere na mbere, ubushobozi bwa bateri, urwego ruratandukanye, imicungire ya BMS y'urwego rw'amashanyarazi iri hejuru, umurongo n'imikoranire ijyanye nabyo byasabaga bateri nyinshi.
BMS ifite ibisabwa byinshi byo guhuza grid. Hari ibisabwa byinshi byo guhuza grid. Bateri y'amashanyarazi ihujwe na bateri na sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga y'imodoka, bityo ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki biri hasi.
Isoko
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'ibigo bikora ku isoko rya BMS, ari byo abakora imodoka, abakora bateri zikoresha ingufu, n'abakora BMS bigenga. Abakora imodoka n'abakora bateri bakora ubucuruzi mu buryo bw'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere byigenga cyangwa iterambere ry'ubufatanye n'abatanga bateri za BMS. Abenshi mu bayobozi b'imbere mu gihugu nka BYD, Ningde Times, Guoxuan Gaoke na AVIC Li-power bateri bakoresha uburyo bwa BMS + PACK bwo gutanga bateri na paki za BMS. Abakora BMS bigenga ubu bafite umubare munini w'abitabira, kandi umurongo w'ibicuruzwa bya BMS ushobora gutangwa mu nganda nyinshi.
Kugeza ubu, ibigo bikuru by’inganda za BMS mu Bushinwa bifite inyungu zigaragara, cyane cyane muri 2022, ubushobozi bushya bwa bateri y’ingufu mu Bushinwa bwa BMS bungana na 76.1%. Muri byo, ibigo bitatu bya mbere ni BYD, Ningde Times na Tesla, byose bikaba ari abakora imodoka n’abakora bateri, bifite umugabane wa 26.4%, 16.9% na 9%. Umugabane w’inganda zigenga za BMS uri hasi cyane, kandi Li Xinneng, uruganda runini rwigenga rwa BMS mu Bushinwa, ni we waje ku mwanya wa kane mu bijyanye n’imigabane, ariko umugabane rusange ni 6.7% gusa.
Kuva ku mikorere y'ibanze kugera ku mikorere ihanitse
1. Kwizerwa cyane
Kubera ko buri bateri ifite sisitemu yayo yo kugenzura no kugenzura, uburyo BMS ikwirakwizwa buri hejuru. Nubwo bateri imwe yabura, izindi bateri zishobora gukora neza, kandi imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange ntabwo izahinduka cyane.
2. Byoroshye kubungabunga no kuvugurura
Kubera ko imiterere ya BMS ikwirakwizwa yoroshye, buri kazu ka bateri gashobora gukora ku giti cyako, bityo kuyisana no kuyivugurura biroroshye. Iyo bateri imaze kwangirika, ishobora gusimburwa mu buryo butaziguye hatabayeho kuzimya sisitemu yose kugira ngo ikomeze kuyisana no kuyivugurura.
3. Gukomera cyane mu guhindura imiterere y'umubiri
Sisitemu yo kugenzura no kugenzura BMS ikwirakwizwa ikwirakwizwa muri buri gice cya bateri, bityo sisitemu ikaba yoroshye kuyihindura. Uturemangingo twa bateri dushobora kongerwa cyangwa kugabanuka bitewe n'ibyifuzo nyabyo, hatitawe ku bunararibonye bw'iyi sisitemu yose ikwirakwizwa.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS)
EMS (Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu), izwi kandi nka sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu, nubwo igipimo cy'uburyo bwose bwo kubika ingufu atari kinini cyane, ariko ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'uburyo bwose bwo kubika ingufu. Muri rusange bivuga ku miyoborere no kugenzura ikigo cy'amashanyarazi gikoresha bateri ya lithium cyatangije sisitemu ihuriweho yo gucunga ingufu.
Ikigo
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ikubiyemo ibice byinshi, bizagaragazwa nk'uko bikurikira.
1. Gukurikirana no gukusanya: Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ikurikirana uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa mu bubiko bw'ingufu mu gihe nyacyo binyuze mu byuma bipima n'ibikoresho. Ishobora gukusanya amakuru atandukanye, harimo imiterere yo gusharija no gusohora batiri, ubushyuhe, voltage, umuriro, n'ibindi.
2. Isesengura ry'amakuru no kuyakoresha neza: Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gusesengura no kuyasesengura kugira ngo isobanukirwe imiterere y'imikorere n'imikorere y'ingufu. Binyuze mu isesengura ry'amakuru, ishobora kumenya ibibazo bishobora kubaho mu buryo bw'ingufu no gutanga ibitekerezo byo kuyakoresha neza, nko guhindura ingamba zo gusharija no kuyasohora no kunoza imikoreshereze y'ingufu.
3. Guteganya no kugenzura ingufu: Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ishobora gutegura no kugenzura ingufu mu buryo bw'ubwenge hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu buryo nyabwo n'imikorere ya sisitemu. Ishobora gutegura neza imikorere y'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu hakurikijwe iteganyagihe, imiterere y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, umutwaro w'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bintu, kugira ngo ikoreshe neza kandi izigame ingufu.
4. Gutahura amakosa no kurinda umutekano: Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ishobora kumenya ku gihe no gutanga amakuru ku bibazo biri mu bubiko bw'ingufu, nko gusohora umuriro mwinshi, gusharija cyane, no kutagira ubushyuhe buhagije, kugira ngo ikigo gibika ingufu gikore neza. Muri icyo gihe, ishobora kandi guhuzwa na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza kugira ngo igenzure neza kandi irinde ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu.
Kunoza ingamba z'imikorere n'igenamigambi ry'igenzura ni ingingo y'ingenzi
Gutegura ingamba nziza zo gukora no kugenzura ni yo ngingo nyamukuru n'ingorane z'ibicuruzwa bya EMS.
Ukurikije imiterere y’uburyo bwo gushyushya no gusohora ingufu mu bubiko bw’ingufu, ikiguzi cyo gushyushya no gusohora ingufu mu bubiko bw’ingufu, hamwe n’inyungu zo gukoresha mu kubika ingufu, no mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ibisabwa mu kugenzura kohereza ingufu mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi, imiterere y’ingamba zo kunoza imikorere no kugenzura ishobora kongera inyungu z’ubukungu mu mikorere y’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu no kunoza ibipimo bitandukanye bya tekiniki.
Ibicuruzwa bya EMS muri rusange bikora nk'ikiraro gihuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu n'amakuru yo ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ishobora guhuza gahunda y’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi, gahunda y’imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi kuri interineti, uburyo bwo kubika amakuru hakoreshejwe “source-grid-load-storage”, nibindi binyuze muri EMS.
Ibicuruzwa bya EMS n'igenamigambi ry'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo guhuza ibikorwa, kandi mu mikorere ifite isano runaka, ikigo kigomba gusobanukirwa imikorere y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi, ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga bifite ubumenyi buhagije bwo kwegeranya, bishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo kongera gukoresha, kandi bifite inyungu runaka.
