Inkqubo yokugcina amandla kwimizi-mveliso nakwimizi-mveliso iqulathe inkqubo yebhetri (kuquka iBMS), i-EMS, i-PCS, i-air conditioner, inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo, inkqubo yokubeka esweni kunye ne-alamu, njl.njl., apho iBMS kunye ne-EMS, njengeyunithi yokulawula ephambili yenkqubo yokugcina amandla, zithwele uxanduva olubalulekileyo lolawulo lwebhetri kunye nolawulo lwamandla ngokulandelelana, kwaye imisebenzi yazo, ukusebenza kunye nokuhambelana kwesoftware kunye nehardware zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali.
Inkqubo yoLawulo lweeBhetri (i-BMS): ithatha uxanduva lokuqonda kwinkqubo, inokubeka esweni kwaye ilawule iinkqubo zokugcina iibhetri ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo, uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
Inkqubo yoLawulo lwaMandla (i-EMS): inoxanduva lokwenza izigqibo kwinkqubo, ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwinkqubo yolawulo lwamandla oludibeneyo olumiselwe izitishi zamandla okugcina amandla ebhetri ye-lithium, efezekisa ukujonga nokuchonga ngexesha langempela.
Inkqubo yoGuqulo lwaMandla (i-PCS):enoxanduva lokusebenza kwinkqubo, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesityalo sokugcina amandla, elawula ukutshaja nokukhupha iibhetri kwaye yenza utshintsho lwe-AC/DC ukuze inike umbane ngqo kwimithwalo ye-AC xa kungekho gridi.
Inkqubo yoLawulo lweeBhetri (i-BMS)
Igama elipheleleyo le-BMS yiBattery Management System, nto leyo ethetha inkqubo engaphantsi esetyenziselwa ukulawula inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri.
Umsebenzi
I-BMS ikakhulu yenziwe yimodyuli yokubeka esweni, imodyuli yokulawula, imodyuli yonxibelelwano kunye nezinye iindawo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukujonga nokulawula imeko yebhetri ngexesha langempela, kubandakanya i-voltage yebhetri, umbane, ubushushu, i-SOC kunye nezinye iiparameter. Ukongeza, i-BMS inokukhusela nokulawula ibhetri ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nobomi bebhetri.
Ukuthintela ibhetri ekutshajeni kakhulu nasekukhupheni imali eninzi, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ubomi bebhetri kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri.
Ayipheleli apho, i-BMS ikwadlala indima yohlalutyo lwedatha, kufuneka ibale kwaye ihlalutye i-SOC yebhetri (umthamo webhetri oseleyo) kunye ne-SOH (imeko yempilo yebhetri), ukuze ibone imeko yebhetri, kwaye xa kukho naluphi na ulwazi olungaqhelekanga, luya kuxelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuze umsebenzisi azi ukuba ibhetri inengxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Uyilo loKwazisa oluneZilinganisi
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-BMS, kukho uyilo olunezigaba ezintathu.
1. Umaleko ongezantsi: I-Slave BMU, umsebenzi wale nqanaba kukufezekisa ukufunyanwa kwe-voltage kunye nobushushu beeseli zebhetri, kwaye inoxanduva lokuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso sokulinganisa ibhetri. Ukufunyanwa kolwazi kunxibelelana nenqanaba lesibini ngekhonkco lonxibelelwano, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa unxibelelwano lwe-CAN okanye i-daisy chain.
2. Umaleko oPhakathi: Ulawulo oluphambili lwe-BCU, imisebenzi ephambili yale nqanaba kukufezekisa ukuqokelelwa kwevolthi yeqela, ulwazi lwangoku kunye nolwe-cluster insulation, ulawulo lwee-contactors zokukhusela ipakethe yebhetri, ukuqokelelwa kolwazi oluvela kwi-BMU yesigaba sokuqala, kunye noqikelelo lwemeko yebhetri (SoX). Ulwazi luqokelelwa kwaye ludluliselwe kwisigaba sesithathu ngekhonkco lonxibelelwano, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-CAN okanye i-Ethernet.
3. Inqanaba eliphezulu: Ulawulo oluqhelekileyo, lolawulo lweqela lebhetri. Umsebenzi ophambili wale nqanaba kukuqokelela ulwazi oludluliselwa yi-BCU yenqanaba lesibini, ukugcina nokubonisa ulwazi, njl.njl., ngomsebenzi we-alamu yexesha langempela, nomsebenzi wolawulo kunye nempendulo yoqhagamshelwano we-main circuit breaker, kunye nomsebenzi wonxibelelwano lwexesha langempela kunye ne-PCS, i-EMS kunye nokubeka esweni kwendawo.
Iimfuno zobugcisa
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-BMS yebhetri yamandla eemoto, i-BMS yokugcina amandla inesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo.
Okokuqala, umthamo webhetri, inqanaba lahlukile, ulawulo lwe-BMS lwenqanaba lombane liphezulu, uthotho kunye noqhagamshelo oluhambelanayo lufuna iibhetri ezingaphezulu.
I-BMS ineemfuno eziphezulu zoqhagamshelo lwegridi. Kukho iimfuneko eziphezulu zoqhagamshelo negridi. Ibhetri yamandla iqhagamshelwe kwibhetri nakwinkqubo ye-elektroniki yesithuthi, ngoko ke iimfuneko zobugcisa ziphantsi.
Imarike
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zamashishini abandakanyekayo kwimarike ye-BMS, ezizezi abavelisi bezithuthi, abavelisi beebhetri zamandla, kunye nabavelisi beBMS abazimeleyo. Abavelisi bezithuthi kunye nabavelisi beebhetri benza ishishini ngendlela yophando nophuhliso oluzimeleyo okanye uphuhliso lwentsebenziswano nabathengisi beBMS. Uninzi lweenkokheli zebhetri zamandla zasekhaya ezifana neBYD, Ningde Times, Guoxuan Gaoke kunye nabavelisi bebhetri ye-AVIC Li-power basebenzisa indlela yoyilo lweBMS+PACK ukubonelela ngeepakethe zebhetri kunye neepakethe zeBMS. Abavelisi beBMS abazimeleyo okwangoku banenani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye umgca wemveliso yeBMS unokunikezelwa kumashishini amaninzi.
Okwangoku, amashishini amakhulu e-BMS eTshayina aneenzuzo ezicacileyo, ngakumbi, ngo-2022, amandla ebhetri entsha yamandla eTshayina i-BMS efakelwe kwisabelo sabavelisi abalishumi abaphambili se-76.1%. Phakathi kwazo, iinkampani ezintathu eziphezulu yi-BYD, i-Ningde Times kunye ne-Tesla, zonke ezingabavelisi bezithuthi kunye nabavelisi bebhetri, ezinesabelo se-26.4%, i-16.9% kunye ne-9% ngokulandelelana. Isabelo sabavelisi be-BMS abazimeleyo siphantsi kakhulu, kwaye umenzi we-BMS ozimeleyo omkhulu eTshayina, uLi Xinneng, ubekwe kwindawo yesine ngokwesabelo, kodwa isabelo sisonke singu-6.7% kuphela.
Ukusuka kwimisebenzi esisiseko ukuya kwimisebenzi ephambili
1. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu
Ekubeni iyunithi nganye yebhetri inenkqubo yayo yokubeka esweni nokulawula, ukuthembeka kwe-BMS esasazekileyo kuphezulu. Nokuba ibhetri enye iyasilela, ezinye iibhetri zisenokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke akuyi kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.
2. Kulula ukuyigcina nokuyiphucula
Ngenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo lwe-BMS esasazekileyo lulula, iseli nganye yebhetri inokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, ngoko ke ukulungiswa nokuphuculwa kulula. Nje ukuba iyunithi yebhetri ingasebenzi, inokutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokuvala yonke inkqubo yokugcinwa nokuhlaziywa.
3. Ukuguquguquka Okuqinileyo
Inkqubo yokubeka esweni nokulawula i-BMS esasazekileyo isasazeke kwiyunithi nganye yebhetri, ngoko ke inkqubo iguquguquka ngakumbi. Iiseli zebhetri zinokwandiswa okanye zincitshiswe ngokwemfuno yokwenyani, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ubunzima benkqubo iyonke esasazekileyo.
Inkqubo yoLawulo lwaMandla (i-EMS)
I-EMS (iNkqubo yoLawulo lwaMandla), ekwaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yolawulo lwamandla, nangona umlinganiselo wenkqubo yokugcina amandla ungemkhulu kakhulu, kodwa yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenkqubo yokugcina amandla. Ngokubanzi ibhekisa kulawulo nolawulo lwesikhululo samandla sokugcina ibhetri ye-lithium, esiqalise inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla oludibeneyo.
Umbutho
Inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ibandakanya amacandelo aliqela, aza kuboniswa ngolu hlobo lungezantsi.
1. Ukubeka iliso kunye nokuqokelelwa: Inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ibeka iliso ekuvelisweni, ekugcinweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwamandla kwindawo yokugcina amandla ngexesha langempela ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuvavanya kunye nezixhobo. Iyakwazi ukuqokelela idatha eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imeko yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri, ubushushu, i-voltage, umbane, njl.njl.
2. Uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokwenza ngcono: Inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ixhomekeke kubuchwepheshe bohlalutyo lwedatha obuphambili ukuze icubungule kwaye ihlalutye idatha eqokelelweyo ukuze iqonde imeko yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla. Ngokuhlalutya idatha, inokuchonga iingxaki ezinokubakho kwinkqubo yamandla kwaye inike iingcebiso zokwenza ngcono, ezinje ngokulungelelanisa amaqhinga okutshaja nokukhupha amandla kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
3. Ukucwangciswa nokulawulwa kwamandla: Inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla inokucwangcisa nokulawula amandla ngobuchule ngokusekelwe kwimfuno yamandla yexesha langempela kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ingalungiselela ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kokutshaja nokukhupha amandla ngokweemfuno eziqikelelweyo, imeko yamaxabiso ombane, umthwalo wegridi kunye nezinye izinto, ukuze kufezekiswe ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokonga amandla.
4. Ukufunyanwa kwempazamo kunye nokukhuselwa kokhuseleko: Inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla inokubhaqa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye inike isilumkiso kwiimeko zempazamo kwindawo yokugcina amandla, ezinje ngokukhupha ibhetri kakhulu, ukutshaja kakhulu, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kobushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwendawo yokugcina amandla. Kwangaxeshanye, inokudityaniswa nenkqubo yenethiwekhi yokusasaza ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olukude kunye nokukhuselwa kweendawo zokugcina amandla.
Ukuphucula isicwangciso sokusebenza kunye noyilo lwesicwangciso solawulo yeyona nto iphambili
Uyilo lwesicwangciso sokusebenza esilungisiweyo kunye nesicwangciso solawulo yeyona ngongoma iphambili kunye nobunzima beemveliso ze-EMS.
Ukuqwalasela iimpawu zokutshaja nokukhupha amandla okugcina umbane, iindleko zokutshaja nokukhupha iiyunithi zokugcina umbane, kunye neenzuzo zesicelo sokugcina umbane, kwaye phantsi kwengcamango yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo lokuthunyelwa kwegridi, uyilo lwezicwangciso zokusebenza eziphuculweyo kunye nolawulo lunokuphucula iingenelo zoqoqosho zokusebenza kwenkqubo yokugcina umbane kwaye luphucule izalathiso ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa.
Iimveliso ze-EMS zihlala zisebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla kunye neenkqubo zolwazi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Inkqubo yokugcina amandla inokudibanisa ucwangciso lwegridi, ucwangciso lwesityalo samandla esibonakalayo, ukusebenzisana "komthombo-igridi-umthwalo-ugcino", njl. nge-EMS.
Iimveliso ze-EMS kunye nocwangciso lwegridi kunye nolunye ulungelelwaniso olusondeleyo, kwaye kumsebenzi ufana ngandlela ithile, inkampani kufuneka iqonde iimpawu zokusebenza kwegridi, iinkampani zobuchwepheshe bolwazi olusebenza kwicala legridi ezisebenzisa ulwazi oluphezulu zinolwazi lokuqokelela, zinokwenza amandla okusebenzisa kwakhona, zinenzuzo ethile.
