Monga imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zothandizira kusintha kwa mphamvu mtsogolo, ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu walandira chidwi chachikulu komanso kafukufuku m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso komanso kupita patsogolo kwa luntha la gridi, msika wosungira mphamvu ukuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga chitukuko. Lipotili likufuna kupereka kusanthula kwathunthu komanso mozama kwa makampani osungira mphamvu, kuphatikiza kukula kwa msika, chitukuko cha ukadaulo, zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, malo ampikisano, ndi zina zotero, kuti apereke malingaliro opanga zisankho kwa mabizinesi ndi osunga ndalama oyenerera.
Kukula kwa Msika ndi Zochitika
(i) Kukula kwa Msika
Malinga ndi mabungwe ofufuza za msika, kukula kwa msika wosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kwawonetsa kukula mwachangu m'zaka zingapo zapitazi. Zikuyembekezeka kuti m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso komanso kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu, kukula kwa msika kudzapitirizabe kukula kwambiri.
(ii) Kusanthula momwe zinthu zilili
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wosungira mphamvu ndi izi:
1. Kufunika kwakukulu kwa malo osungira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa: pamene kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mu mphamvu zosakanikirana kukupitirira kukwera, kufunikira kwa makina osungira mphamvu kudzapitirira kukula.
2. Kupita patsogolo kosalekeza mu ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu: Kupita patsogolo kosalekeza ndi kupita patsogolo mu ukadaulo wa batri, ukadaulo wophatikiza makina osungira mphamvu, ndi zina zotero kwakweza magwiridwe antchito ndi mpikisano wamitengo wa makina osungira mphamvu.
3. Kufunika kwa njira yoyendetsera mphamvu kukukulirakulira: ndi chitukuko cha gridi yanzeru, njira yoyendetsera mphamvu idzakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la njira yosungira mphamvu kuti ipititse patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso kukhazikika kwa dongosolo.
Kukula kwa ukadaulo
(i) Ukadaulo wa batri
Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wa mabatire odziwika bwino pankhani yosungira mphamvu umaphatikizapo mabatire a lithiamu-ion, mabatire a lead-acid, mabatire a sodium-sulfur ndi zina zotero. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, moyo wautali, kuthamanga kochepa kotulutsa mphamvu, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zili pamalo ofunikira pamsika wosungira mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, ukadaulo watsopano wa mabatire monga mabatire oyenda madzi, mabatire a potaziyamu ion, ndi zina zotero akupangidwanso mosalekeza komanso kufufuzidwa.
(ii) Ukadaulo wogwirizanitsa makina osungira mphamvu
Ukadaulo wophatikiza njira zosungira mphamvu umaphatikizapo njira yoyendetsera mabatire (BMS), njira yosinthira mphamvu (PCS), njira yowunikira ndi kulamulira, ndi zina zotero. Kukula kwa ukadaulo uwu kumakhudza mwachindunji msika wosungira mphamvu. Kukula kwa ukadaulo uwu kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, kudalirika komanso chitetezo cha njira yosungira mphamvu.
(iii) Ukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito kusungira mphamvu
Njira zogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zimakhudza magawo osiyanasiyana monga mbali yopanga magetsi, mbali ya gridi ndi mbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito. Kumbali yopanga magetsi, ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, nthawi yoyimirira yolamulira ma frequency, ndi zina zotero; kumbali ya gridi, ungagwiritsidwe ntchito posungira mphamvu nthawi yayitali, kubwezera mphamvu yogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero; kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ungagwiritsidwe ntchito posungira mphamvu yogawidwa, gridi yanzeru, ndi zina zotero.
Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kusanthula Msika
(i) Kusungira mphamvu kumbali yopanga magetsi
Kusungira mphamvu kumbali yopangira magetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa komanso kukhazikika kwa gridi. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kosalekeza kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zayikidwa, kufunikira kwa makina osungira mphamvu kukukulirakuliranso. Kumbali yopangira magetsi, ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu ukhoza kuthetsa vuto la nthawi ndi kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, ndikukweza kuvomerezedwa kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mu gridi.
(ii) Kusungira mphamvu kumbali ya gridi
Malo osungira mphamvu omwe ali mbali ya gridi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posuntha magetsi m'chigwa chotsika komanso kudzaza zigwa, kusinthasintha kwa magetsi nthawi yoyimirira ndi zina zotero. Dongosolo losungira mphamvu limatha kusunga magetsi m'chigwa chotsika chomwe magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutulutsa magetsi nthawi yomwe magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, motero kulinganiza katundu wa gridi yamagetsi ndikukweza kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa gridi yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo losungira mphamvu lingathenso kutenga nawo mbali mu ntchito zowongolera ma frequency a gridi ndi ntchito zoyimirira kuti liwongolere magwiridwe antchito a gridi komanso mtundu wa magetsi.
(iii) Kusungira mphamvu kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito
Kusungira mphamvu kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posungira mphamvu zogawidwa komanso kupanga ma microgrid anzeru. Kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito, makina osungira mphamvu amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi magwero amagetsi ogawidwa (monga kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa ya photovoltaic, kupanga mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi zina zotero) kuti azitha kudzidalira komanso kuyang'anira mwanzeru. Nthawi yomweyo, makina osungira mphamvu angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati gawo lofunikira la microgrid yanzeru kuti akonze kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa microgrid.
Kusanthula kwa malo ampikisano ndi mabizinesi
(I) Malo opikisana
Pakadali pano, msika wosungira mphamvu uli ndi mpikisano waukulu, ndipo osewera akuluakulu akuphatikizapo opanga mabatire, ophatikiza makina osungira mphamvu, ndi ogulitsa zida zamagetsi. Mu gawo la ukadaulo wa mabatire, Ningde Times, BYD ndi mabizinesi ena ali ndi udindo waukulu pamsika; mu gawo lophatikiza makina osungira mphamvu, Sunny Power, Huawei ndi mabizinesi ena ali ndi mpikisano wamphamvu.
(II) Kusanthula kwa Makampani
Kusanthula mozama kwa makampani osungira mphamvu m'dziko ndi kunja, kuphatikizapo mbiri ya makampani, mphamvu zaukadaulo, gawo la msika ndi zina. Yang'anani kwambiri makampani omwe ali ndi luso laukadaulo komanso mpikisano pamsika, komanso makampani achikhalidwe amagetsi ndi makampani atsopano amagetsi omwe ali ndi mapangidwe osungira mphamvu.
Ndondomeko ndi Malamulo
Kukula kwa makampani osungira mphamvu kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mfundo ndi malamulo. Maboma akhazikitsa njira zothandizira chitukuko cha malo osungira mphamvu, monga mfundo zothandizira ndi mapulojekiti owonetsera kusungira mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, miyezo ndi miyezo yokhudzana ndi kusungira mphamvu ikukweranso, zomwe zimapereka chitsimikizo cha chitukuko chabwino cha makampani osungira mphamvu.
Zoopsa ndi Zovuta
Zoopsa ndi zovuta zomwe makampani osungira mphamvu akukumana nazo zikuphatikizapo zoopsa zaukadaulo, zoopsa zamsika, zoopsa zandale, ndi zina zotero. Ponena za ukadaulo, ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu ukupitilirabe kupangidwa ndi kukonzedwa, ndipo pali kusatsimikizika kwaukadaulo; pankhani ya msika, msika wosungira mphamvu ndi wopikisana kwambiri, ndipo kufunikira kwa msika ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo ndi kwakukulu; pankhani ya mfundo, kuthandizira ndi kukhazikika kwa mfundo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa makampani osungira mphamvu.
Mapeto ndi Chiyembekezo
Monga njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu zamtsogolo, makampani osungira mphamvu ali ndi mwayi waukulu pamsika komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kopititsa patsogolo chitukuko. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu udzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, kukhazikika kwa gridi, ma microgrid anzeru ndi madera ena. Nthawi yomweyo, chithandizo cha mfundo ndi kufunikira kwa msika zidzalimbikitsa chitukuko chachangu cha makampani osungira mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zothandizira kusintha mphamvu.
