Njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuxhasa utshintsho lwamandla kwixesha elizayo, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ifumene ingqwalasela enkulu kunye nophando kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kobukrelekrele begridi, imakethi yokugcina amandla ibonisa amandla amakhulu ophuhliso. Le ngxelo ijolise ekuboneleleni ngohlalutyo olupheleleyo nolunzulu lweshishini lokugcina amandla, kubandakanya ubungakanani bemarike, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, iimeko zesicelo, imeko yokhuphiswano, njl.njl., ukuze kubonelelwe ngeereferensi zokwenza izigqibo kumashishini afanelekileyo kunye nabatyali-mali.
Isikali seMarike kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo
(i) Isikali seMarike
Ngokwemibutho yophando lwemarike, ubungakanani bemarike yokugcina amandla kwihlabathi liphela bubonakalise umkhwa wokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Kulindeleke ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, ngokuthandwa ngakumbi kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji yokugcina amandla, ubungakanani bemarike buya kuqhubeka nokugcina ukukhula okuphezulu.
(ii) Uhlalutyo lweendlela ezisetyenziswayo
Iindlela eziphambili kwimarike yokugcina amandla ziquka:
1. Imfuno ekhulayo yokugcina amandla avuselelekayo: njengoko umlinganiselo wamandla avuselelekayo kumxube wamandla uqhubeka usanda, imfuno yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla iya kuqhubeka ikhula.
2. Ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla: Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bebhetri, ubuchwepheshe bokudibanisa iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, njl.njl. kuphucule ukusebenza kunye nokukhuphisana ngeendleko kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla.
3. Ukubaluleka kwenkqubo yolawulo lwamandla kuya kusanda: ngokuphuhliswa kwegridi ekrelekrele, inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla iya kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokugcina amandla ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nozinzo lwenkqubo.
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji
(i) Itekhnoloji yebhetri
Okwangoku, ubuchwepheshe bebhetri obuphambili kwicandelo lokugcina amandla buquka iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-sodium-sulfur njalo njalo. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zineengenelo zobuninzi bamandla aphezulu, ubomi obude bomjikelo, izinga eliphantsi lokukhupha umbane, njl.njl., zithatha indawo ephambili kwimarike yokugcina amandla. Kwangaxeshanye, ubuchwepheshe obutsha bebhetri obufana neebhetri zokuhamba kolwelo, iibhetri ze-potassium ion, njl.njl. nazo ziphantsi kophuhliso nophando oluqhubekayo.
(ii) Itekhnoloji yokudibanisa iinkqubo zokugcina amandla
Iiteknoloji zokudibanisa iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ziquka inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (i-BMS), inkqubo yokuguqula amandla (i-PCS), inkqubo yokubeka esweni nokulawula, njl. Uphuhliso lwezi teknoloji lunempembelelo ngqo kwimarike yokugcina amandla. Uphuhliso lwezi teknoloji luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla.
(iii) Iteknoloji yesicelo sokugcina amandla
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokugcina amandla zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo afana necala lokuvelisa umbane, icala legridi kunye necala lomsebenzisi. Kwicala lokuvelisa umbane, itekhnoloji yokugcina umbane ingasetyenziselwa ukuthambisa imveliso yamandla avuselelekayo, i-frequency regulation standby, njl.njl.; kwicala legridi, ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa kwe-peak storage power, i-reactive power compensation, njl.njl.; kwicala lomsebenzisi, ingasetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kwamandla asasazwe, i-intelligent microgrid, njl.njl.
Imeko zeSicelo kunye noHlalutyo lweMarike
(i) Ugcino lwamandla olusecaleni lokuvelisa umbane
Ugcino lwamandla olusecaleni lokuvelisa umbane lusetyenziselwa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuzinzisa igridi. Ngokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwamandla afakelweyo ombane avuselelekayo, imfuno yenkqubo yokugcina umbane nayo iyanda. Kwicala lokuvelisa umbane, iteknoloji yokugcina umbane inokusombulula ingxaki yokungazinzi kunye nokungazinzi kokuveliswa kombane ovuselelekayo, kwaye iphucule ukwamkelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwigridi.
(ii) Ugcino lwamandla olusecaleni kwegridi
Ugcino lwamandla olusecaleni kwegridi lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekutshintsheni umbane kwindawo esezantsi kunye nokuzalisa intlambo, ukulinda kokutshintsha umbane rhoqo, njl. Inkqubo yokugcina umbane ingagcina umbane kwindawo ephantsi yokusetyenziswa kombane kwaye ikhuphe umbane kwindawo ephezulu yokusetyenziswa kombane, ngaloo ndlela ilinganise umthwalo wegridi yamandla kwaye iphucule uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwegridi yamandla. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokugcina umbane ingabandakanyeka kwiinkonzo zokulawula ukujikeleza kunye nokulinda kwegridi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegridi kunye nomgangatho wobonelelo lwamandla.
(iii) Ugcino lwamandla olusebenza kwicala lomsebenzisi
Ugcino lwamandla olusecaleni lomsebenzisi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kugcino lwamandla olusasaziweyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-smart microgrid. Kwicala lomsebenzisi, inkqubo yokugcina amandla inokudityaniswa nemithombo yamandla esasaziweyo (njengokuveliswa kwamandla elanga, ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya, njl.njl.) ukuze kufezekiswe ukuzimela kwamandla kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ingasetyenziswa njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-smart microgrid ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwe-smart grid.
Uhlalutyo lwemeko yokhuphiswano kunye noshishino
(I) Indawo yokhuphiswano
Okwangoku, imakethi yokugcina amandla inokhuphiswano olukhulu, kunye nabadlali abakhulu kuquka abavelisi beebhetri, abadibanisi beenkqubo zokugcina amandla, kunye nababoneleli bezixhobo zamandla. Kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe bebhetri, iNingde Times, iBYD kunye namanye amashishini aphethe isikhundla esiphezulu kwimarike; kwicandelo lokudibanisa iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, iSunny Power, iHuawei kunye namanye amashishini anokhuphiswano oluqinileyo.
(II) Uhlalutyo lweShishini
Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwamashishini okugcina amandla asekhaya nawangaphandle, kuquka iprofayili yeshishini, amandla obuchwephesha, isabelo semarike kunye nezinye iinkalo. Gxila kumashishini anamandla okuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike, kunye namashishini ombane emveli kunye namashishini amatsha ombane anezicwangciso kwicandelo lokugcina amandla.
Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neMimiselo
Uphuhliso lweshishini lokugcina amandla luchaphazeleka kakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo nemigaqo. Oorhulumente bazise amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo ukuxhasa uphuhliso lokugcina amandla, njengemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali kunye neeprojekthi zokubonisa ukugcina amandla. Kwangaxeshanye, imigangatho kunye nemigangatho enxulumene nokugcina amandla nayo iyaphucuka, nto leyo enika isiqinisekiso sophuhliso olusempilweni lweshishini lokugcina amandla.
Iingozi kunye nemingeni
Iingozi kunye nemingeni ejongene neshishini lokugcina amandla ziquka iingozi zobuchwepheshe, iingozi zemarike, iingozi zomgaqo-nkqubo, njl. Ngokuphathelele ubuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla busephantsi kophuhliso oluqhubekayo nophuculo, kwaye kukho inqanaba elithile lokungaqiniseki kobuchwepheshe; ngokwemarike, imakethi yokugcina amandla inokhuphiswano olukhulu, kwaye imfuno yemarike kunye nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kukhulu; ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo, inkxaso kunye nokuzinza komgaqo-nkqubo kubalulekile kuphuhliso lweshishini lokugcina amandla.
Isiphelo kunye neMbono
Njengesikhokelo esibalulekileyo sophuhliso lwentsimi yamandla yexesha elizayo, imboni yokugcina amandla inethuba elikhulu lemarike kunye namathuba amakhulu ophuhliso. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yeteknoloji kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla iya kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukuzinziswa kwegridi, i-smart microgrid kunye nezinye iinkalo. Kwangaxeshanye, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemfuno yemarike kuya kukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lokugcina amandla, okwenza libe lelinye lawona mateknoloji abalulekileyo axhasayo ekuguqulweni kwamandla.
