Njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obusekelayo obubalulekile bokuguqulwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buye baqashelwa kakhulu futhi bacwaningwa eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuthuthuka kobuhlakani begridi, imakethe yokugcina amandla ikhombisa amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa. Lo mbiko uhlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele nokujulile kwemboni yokugcina amandla, okuhlanganisa usayizi wemakethe, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, indawo yokuncintisana, njll., ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinkomba zokwenza izinqumo zamabhizinisi nabatshalizimali abafanele.
Isikali Semakethe Nezindlela Zokuthambekela
(i) Izinga Lemakethe
Ngokusho kwezinhlangano zocwaningo lwemakethe, usayizi wemakethe yokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke ubonise ukuthambekela kokukhula okusheshayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ngokuthandwa okwengeziwe kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, usayizi wemakethe uzoqhubeka nokugcina ukukhula okuphezulu.
(ii) Ukuhlaziywa kwemikhuba
Izitayela ezibalulekile emakethe yokugcina amandla zifaka:
1. Isidingo esikhulayo sokugcina amandla avuselelekayo: njengoba isilinganiso samandla avuselelekayo engxubeni yamandla siqhubeka nokukhula, isidingo sezinhlelo zokugcina amandla sizoqhubeka nokukhula.
2. Intuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla: Ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla, njll. kuthuthukise ukusebenza kanye nokuncintisana ngezindleko kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.
3. Ukubaluleka kohlelo lokuphathwa kwamandla kuya ngokuya kugqama: ngokuthuthukiswa kwegridi ehlakaniphile, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamandla luzoba yingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokugcina amandla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuqina kohlelo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe
(i) Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obujwayelekile emkhakheni wokugcina amandla buhlanganisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-sodium-sulfur njalo njalo. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezinzuzo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, izinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha, njll., athatha isikhundla esiphambili emakethe yokugcina amandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri obufana namabhethri okugeleza koketshezi, amabhethri e-potassium ion, njll. nawo angaphansi kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nocwaningo.
(ii) Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla buhlanganisa uhlelo lokuphatha amabhethri (i-BMS), uhlelo lokuguqula amandla (i-PCS), uhlelo lokuqapha nokulawula, njll. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu buchwepheshe kunomthelela oqondile emakethe yokugcina amandla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu buchwepheshe kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza, ukuthembeka kanye nokuphepha kohlelo lokugcina amandla.
(iii) Ubuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kokugcina amandla
Izimo zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla zihlanganisa izinkambu eziningi ezifana nohlangothi lokukhiqiza amandla, uhlangothi lwegridi kanye nohlangothi lomsebenzisi. Ohlangothini lokukhiqiza amandla, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla bungasetshenziswa ukwenza kube lula ukukhipha amandla avuselelekayo, ukulinda kokulawulwa kwemvamisa, njll.; ohlangothini lwegridi, bungasetshenziswa ukushintshashintsha kwe-peak storage power, isinxephezelo samandla esisebenzayo, njll.; ohlangothini lomsebenzisi, bungasetshenziswa ukugcina amandla okusatshalaliswa, i-microgrid ehlakaniphile, njll.
Izimo Zokusebenza Nokuhlaziywa Kwemakethe
(i) Isitoreji samandla ohlangothini lokuphehla ugesi
Isitoreji samandla ohlangothini lokukhiqizwa kwamandla sisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuzinzisa igridi. Njengoba amandla avuselelekayo engeziwe esanda, isidingo sohlelo lokugcina amandla siyanda. Ngasohlangothini lokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla bungaxazulula inkinga yokungahlaliseki kanye nokungazinzi kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, futhi kuthuthukise ukwamukelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwigridi.
(ii) Isitoreji samandla ohlangothini lwegridi
Isitoreji samandla ohlangothini lwegridi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekushintsheni okuphezulu kanye nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi, ukulinda kokushintsha imvamisa njalo njalo. Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungagcina ugesi esigodini esiphansi sokusetshenziswa kukagesi futhi lukhulule ugesi esicongweni sokusetshenziswa kukagesi, ngaleyo ndlela lulinganise umthwalo wegridi yamandla futhi luthuthukise ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwegridi yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungabamba iqhaza nasezinsizeni zokulawula imvamisa yegridi kanye nokulinda ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwegridi kanye nekhwalithi yokunikezwa kukagesi.
(iii) Isitoreji samandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi
Isitoreji samandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamandla okusatshalaliswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-smart microgrid. Ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungahlanganiswa nemithombo yamandla esatshalaliswa (njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-solar photovoltaic, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya, njll.) ukuze kufezwe ukuzimela kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungasetshenziswa njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-smart microgrid ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwe-microgrid.
Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo yokuncintisana kanye nebhizinisi
(I) Indawo yokuncintisana
Njengamanje, imakethe yokugcina amandla inokuncintisana okukhulu, ngabadlali abakhulu okubalwa kubo abakhiqizi bamabhethri, abahlanganisi bezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, kanye nabaphakeli bemishini yamandla. Emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bamabhethri, i-Ningde Times, i-BYD kanye namanye amabhizinisi aphethe isikhundla esiphezulu emakethe; emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, i-Sunny Power, i-Huawei kanye namanye amabhizinisi anokuncintisana okunamandla.
(II) Ukuhlaziywa Kwebhizinisi
Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwamabhizinisi okugcina amandla asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa iphrofayili yebhizinisi, amandla obuchwepheshe, isabelo semakethe nezinye izici. Gxila emabhizinisini anekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuncintisana emakethe, kanye namabhizinisi kagesi avamile kanye namabhizinisi amasha amandla anezakhiwo emkhakheni wokugcina amandla.
Izinqubomgomo kanye neMithethonqubo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokugcina amandla kuthinteka kakhulu yizinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo. Ohulumeni bethule izinyathelo zenqubomgomo zokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla, njengezinqubomgomo zoxhaso kanye namaphrojekthi okubonisa ukugcinwa kwamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga kanye nezindinganiso ezihlobene nokugcinwa kwamandla nazo ziyathuthuka, okunikeza isiqinisekiso sentuthuko enempilo yemboni yokugcina amandla.
Izingozi Nezinselele
Izingozi nezinselele ezibhekene nemboni yokugcina amandla zifaka phakathi izingozi zobuchwepheshe, izingozi zemakethe, izingozi zenqubomgomo, njll. Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla busathuthukiswa futhi buthuthukiswa njalo, futhi kukhona izinga elithile lokungaqiniseki kobuchwepheshe; maqondana nemakethe, imakethe yokugcina amandla inokuncintisana okukhulu, futhi isidingo semakethe kanye nokuguquguquka kwamanani kukhulu; maqondana nenqubomgomo, ukwesekwa kanye nokuzinza kwenqubomgomo kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yokugcina amandla.
Isiphetho kanye Nombono
Njengesiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko yensimu yamandla yesikhathi esizayo, imboni yokugcina amandla inethuba elikhulu lemakethe kanye namathuba amakhulu entuthuko. Ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buzosetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukuzinza kwegridi, i-smart microgrid kanye neminye imikhakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nesidingo semakethe kuzokhuthaza intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yokugcina amandla, okwenza kube ngomunye wobuchwepheshe obubalulekile obusekelayo bokuguqulwa kwamandla.
