Hei tētahi o ngā hangarau tautoko matua mō te whakarerekētanga pūngao ā muri ake nei, kua nui te aro me te rangahau i whiwhi i te hangarau rokiroki pūngao i ngā tau tata nei. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūngao hou me te whanaketanga o te matauranga whatunga, e whakaatu ana te mākete rokiroki pūngao i te pūmanawa nui mō te whanaketanga. Ko te whāinga o tēnei pūrongo he whakarato i tētahi tātaritanga whānui me te hōhonu o te umanga rokiroki pūngao, tae atu ki te rahi o te mākete, te whanaketanga hangarau, ngā horopaki tono, te whenua whakataetae, me ētahi atu, kia taea ai te whakarato tohutoro whakatau mō ngā umanga me ngā kaipupuri moni e tika ana.
Tauine me ngā Auahatanga o te Mākete
(i) Tauine Mākete
E ai ki ngā whakahaere rangahau mākete, kua tere te tipu o te mākete rokiroki pūngao o te ao i ngā tau kua taha ake nei. E matapaetia ana i roto i ngā tau e whai ake nei, me te rongonui haere o te pūngao hou me te ahunga whakamua tonu o te hangarau rokiroki pūngao, ka mau tonu te tipu nui o te mākete.
(ii) Te tātari i ngā au
Ko ngā au matua o te mākete rokiroki pūngao ko:
1. Te piki haere o te hiahia mō te rokiroki pūngao hou: i te mea kei te piki haere tonu te ōwehenga o te pūngao hou i roto i te ranunga pūngao, ka piki haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.
2. Te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau rokiroki pūngao: Nā te auahatanga tonu me te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko, te hangarau whakauru pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, me ētahi atu, kua pai ake te mahi me te whakataetae utu o ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.
3. Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao: me te whanaketanga o te whatunga atamai, ka noho te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao hei wāhanga nui o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao me te pumau o te pūnaha.
Te whanaketanga o te hangarau
(i) Hangarau pākahiko
I tēnei wā, ko ngā hangarau pākahiko matua i roto i te ao rokiroki pūngao ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, ngā pākahiko konutai-whāwhā me ētahi atu. Ko ngā painga o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion ko te nui o te pūngao, te roa o te ora huringa, te iti o te tere tuku-ake, me ētahi atu, ā, kei te noho hei tūranga matua i roto i te mākete rokiroki pūngao. I taua wā anō, kei te whanake tonu, kei te rangahau tonu hoki ngā hangarau pākahiko hou pēnei i ngā pākahiko rere wai, ngā pākahiko pāhare pākawa, me ētahi atu.
(ii) Hangarau whakauru pūnaha rokiroki pūngao
Ko ngā hangarau whakauru pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ko te pūnaha whakahaere pākahiko (BMS), te pūnaha hurihanga pūngao (PCS), te pūnaha aroturuki me te whakahaere, me ētahi atu. He pānga tika tā te whanaketanga o ēnei hangarau ki te mākete rokiroki pūngao. Ka pā tika te whanaketanga o ēnei hangarau ki te mahi, te pono me te haumaru o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.
(iii) Hangarau tono rokiroki pūngao
Ko ngā horopaki tono o te hangarau rokiroki pūngao e kapi ana i te whānuitanga o ngā mara pēnei i te taha whakaputa hiko, te taha whatunga me te taha kaiwhakamahi. I te taha whakaputa hiko, ka taea te whakamahi i te hangarau rokiroki pūngao hei whakangawari i te putanga pūngao hou, te tūtatari whakahaere auau, me ētahi atu; i te taha whatunga, ka taea te whakamahi mō te nekehanga tihi rokiroki pūngao, te utu mana tauhohe, me ētahi atu; i te taha kaiwhakamahi, ka taea te whakamahi mō te rokiroki pūngao tohatoha, whatunga moroiti atamai, me ētahi atu.
Ngā Horopaki Taupānga me te Tātari Mākete
(i) Te rokiroki pūngao taha whakaputa hiko
Ko te taha whakaputa hiko e whakamahia ana mō te whakamahi pūngao whakahou me te whakau i te whatunga hiko. I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te kaha kua tāutahia ki te pūngao whakahou, kei te piki haere hoki te hiahia mō te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao. I te taha whakaputa hiko, ka taea e te hangarau rokiroki pūngao te whakaoti i te raruraru o te wā poto me te kore pumau o te whakaputa hiko pūngao whakahou, me te whakapai ake i te whakaae a te whatunga hiko ki te pūngao whakahou.
(ii) Te rokiroki pūngao taha-pūnaha
Ko te rokiroki pūngao taha-pūnaha e whakamahia ana mō te nekehanga tihi me te whakakī awaawa, te tūtatari nekehanga auau me ētahi atu mea. Ka taea e te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao te penapena hiko i te awaawa iti o te whakapaunga hiko me te tuku hiko i te tihi o te whakapaunga hiko, kia taurite ai te kawenga o te pūnaha hiko me te whakapai ake i te pumau me te pono o te pūnaha hiko. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao te whai wāhi ki te whakahaere auau me ngā ratonga tūtatari o te pūnaha hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere me te kounga o te tuku hiko.
(iii) Te rokiroki pūngao taha-kaiwhakamahi
Ko te rokiroki pūngao taha-kaiwhakamahi e whakamahia ana mō te rokiroki pūngao tohatoha me te hanganga whatunga iti atamai. Mō te taha kaiwhakamahi, ka taea te whakakotahi i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao me ngā pūtake pūngao tohatoha (pēnei i te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic solar, te whakaputa hiko hau, me ētahi atu) kia tutuki ai te whai mana motuhake ki te pūngao me te whakahaere atamai. I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao hei wāhanga nui o te whatunga iti atamai hei whakapai ake i te pumau me te pono o te whatunga iti.
Te tirohanga whakataetae me te tātaritanga hinonga
(I) Te whenua whakataetae
I tēnei wā, he tino whakataetae te mākete rokiroki pūngao, me ngā kaitākaro nui tae atu ki ngā kaihanga pākahiko, ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, me ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu hiko. I roto i te mara o te hangarau pākahiko, kei a Ningde Times, BYD me ētahi atu umanga te tūranga matua i roto i te mākete; i roto i te mara o te whakaurunga pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, he kaha te whakataetae a Sunny Power, Huawei me ētahi atu umanga.
(II) Tātaritanga Pakihi
He tātaritanga hōhonu o ngā umanga rokiroki pūngao ā-rohe me tāwāhi, tae atu ki te kōtaha umanga, te kaha hangarau, te wāhi mākete me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Arotahi ki ngā umanga he kaha auaha hangarau me te whakataetae mākete, tae atu ki ngā umanga pūngao tuku iho me ngā umanga pūngao hou he whakatakotoranga kei roto i te mara o te rokiroki pūngao.
Ngā Kaupapahere me ngā Ture
He nui te pānga o ngā kaupapa here me ngā ture ki te whanaketanga o te umanga rokiroki pūngao. Kua whakaurua e ngā kāwanatanga ngā kaupapa here hei tautoko i te whanaketanga o te rokiroki pūngao, pērā i ngā kaupapa here tautoko me ngā kaupapa whakaaturanga rokiroki pūngao. I taua wā anō, kei te pai haere hoki ngā paerewa me ngā tikanga e pā ana ki te rokiroki pūngao, e whakarato ana i te taurangi mō te whanaketanga hauora o te umanga rokiroki pūngao.
Ngā Tūponotanga me ngā Wero
Ko ngā mōrearea me ngā wero e pā ana ki te umanga rokiroki pūngao ko ngā mōrearea hangarau, ngā mōrearea mākete, ngā mōrearea kaupapa here, me ētahi atu. Mō te hangarau, kei te whanake tonu, kei te whakapai ake hoki te hangarau rokiroki pūngao, ā, kei te kitea te koretake o te hangarau; mō te mākete, he tino whakataetae te mākete rokiroki pūngao, ā, he nui te tono mākete me ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu; mō te kaupapa here, he mea nui te tautoko me te pumau o te kaupapa here ki te whanaketanga o te umanga rokiroki pūngao.
Whakatau me te Tirohanga
Hei huarahi whanaketanga nui mō te ao pūngao ā muri ake nei, he whānui te tirohanga mākete me te kaha whanaketanga nui o te umanga rokiroki pūngao. Mā te haere tonu o te hangarau me te whakaiti i ngā utu, ka whakamahia whānuitia te hangarau rokiroki pūngao i roto i te whakamahinga pūngao whakahou, te whakaū whatunga hiko, te whatunga iti atamai me ētahi atu mara. I taua wā anō, mā te tautoko kaupapa here me te tono mākete ka whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tere o te umanga rokiroki pūngao, ka waiho hei tetahi o ngā hangarau tautoko nui mō te whakawhiti pūngao.
