Nk'imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rishyigikira impinduka mu bijyanye n'ingufu mu gihe kizaza, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu ryitaweho cyane kandi rikorwa ubushakashatsi mu myaka ya vuba aha. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa no guteza imbere ubuhanga mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, isoko ryo kubika ingufu rigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutera imbere. Iyi raporo igamije gutanga isesengura ryimbitse kandi ryimbitse ry'inganda zibika ingufu, harimo ingano y'isoko, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, imiterere y'ikoreshwa, imiterere y'irushanwa, n'ibindi, kugira ngo habeho ingero z'ibyemezo ku bigo bireba n'abashoramari.
Igipimo cy'Isoko n'Icyerekezo
(i) Igipimo cy'isoko
Nk’uko imiryango ikora ubushakashatsi ku isoko ibivuga, ingano y’isoko ry’ingufu ku isi yagaragaje icyerekezo cy’iterambere ryihuse mu myaka mike ishize. Biteganijwe ko mu myaka mike iri imbere, hamwe no kwiyongera kw’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ndetse n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu, ingano y’isoko izakomeza kugumana iterambere rikomeye.
(ii) Isesengura ry'imigendekere
Ibyerekezo by'ingenzi ku isoko ry'ingufu birimo:
1. Gusaba ingufu zisubira kwiyongera: uko igipimo cy'ingufu zisubira mu ruvange rw'ingufu gikomeza kwiyongera, ni ko gukenera uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bizakomeza kwiyongera.
2. Iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu: Guhanga udushya no gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza sisitemu zo kubika ingufu, nibindi byazamuye imikorere n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku giciro cya sisitemu zo kubika ingufu.
3. Akamaro k'uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu kararushaho kugaragara: hamwe n'iterambere ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu buzaba igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu neza no kudahungabana kw'uburyo.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga
(i) Ikoranabuhanga rya batiri
Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mu kubika ingufu rigizwe na bateri za lithium-ion, bateri za aside lisansi, bateri za sodium-sulfure n'ibindi. Bateri za lithium-ion zifite ibyiza byo kuba zifite ingufu nyinshi, zimara igihe kirekire, zisohora umuriro muke, nibindi, zikaba ari zo zifite umwanya ukomeye ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu. Muri icyo gihe, ikoranabuhanga rishya rya bateri nka bateri zikoresha amazi, bateri za potassium ion, nibindi naryo ririmo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi buhoraho.
(ii) Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu
Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ririmo sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS), sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu (PCS), sisitemu yo gukurikirana no kugenzura, nibindi. Iterambere ry'izi koranabuhanga rigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu. Iterambere ry'izi koranabuhanga rigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere, ubwizerwe n'umutekano wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu.
(iii) Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu bukubiyemo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye nko ku ruhande rw’amashanyarazi, uruhande rw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’uruhande rw’umukoresha. Ku ruhande rw’amashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rishobora gukoreshwa mu koroshya ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, guhagarara ku murongo w’ingufu, nibindi; ku ruhande rw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, rishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura ubwinshi bw’ingufu, kwishyura ingufu zikoreshwa, nibindi; ku ruhande rw’umukoresha, rishobora gukoreshwa mu kubika ingufu zikwirakwizwa, mikorositeri y’ubwenge, nibindi.
Isesengura ry'Ikoreshwa n'Isesengura ry'Isoko
(i) Ububiko bw'ingufu ku ruhande rw'amashanyarazi
Ububiko bw'ingufu ku ruhande rw'amashanyarazi bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kubungabunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Bitewe no kwaguka guhoraho kw'ubushobozi bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, icyifuzo cy'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu nacyo kiriyongera. Ku ruhande rw'ingufu, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rishobora gukemura ikibazo cy'ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera no kudahindagurika, no kunoza uburyo amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yemera ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
(ii) Ububiko bw'ingufu ku ruhande rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Ububiko bw'ingufu ku ruhande rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhindura amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'izuba no kuzura imiyoboro y'amazi, guhindura amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'izuba n'ibindi. Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bushobora kubika amashanyarazi mu kibaya gito gikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi no kurekura amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'izuba, bityo bugahuza umutwaro w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi no kunoza umutekano n'ubwizerwe bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bushobora kandi kugira uruhare muri serivisi zo kugenzura imikorere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi no guhagarara kugira ngo kunoze imikorere myiza y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ubwiza bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
(iii) Ububiko bw'ingufu ku ruhande rw'umukoresha
Ububiko bw'ingufu ku ruhande rw'umukoresha bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kubika ingufu zikwirakwizwa no kubaka imiyoboro migari igezweho. Ku ruhande rw'umukoresha, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ishobora guhuzwa n'amasoko y'ingufu zikwirakwizwa (nk'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi aturuka ku muyaga, n'ibindi) kugira ngo ingufu zishobore kwihaza no gucunga neza. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'igice cy'ingenzi cya mikoro migari igezweho kugira ngo inoze umutekano n'ubwizigirwa bwa mikoro migari.
Isesengura ry'imiterere y'ubucuruzi n'iy'amarushanwa
(I) Imiterere y'irushanwa
Muri iki gihe, isoko ry’ibigega by’ingufu riri mu ipiganwa rikomeye, aho abakinnyi bakomeye barimo abakora bateri, abahuza sisitemu zo kubika ingufu, n’abatanga ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi. Mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, Ningde Times, BYD n’izindi nganda zifite umwanya ukomeye ku isoko; mu rwego rwo guhuza sisitemu zo kubika ingufu, Sunny Power, Huawei n’izindi nganda zifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana cyane.
(II) Isesengura ry'ibigo
Isesengura ryimbitse ry’ibigo bibika ingufu mu gihugu no mu mahanga, harimo imiterere y’ibigo, imbaraga za tekiniki, umugabane w’isoko n’ibindi bintu. Hibandwa ku bigo bifite ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no guhangana n’isoko, ndetse n’ibigo bisanzwe bicuruza ingufu n’ibigo bishya bikoresha ingufu bifite imiterere mu bijyanye no kubika ingufu.
Politiki n'amabwiriza
Iterambere ry’inganda zibika ingufu rigizweho ingaruka cyane na politiki n’amabwiriza. Za guverinoma zashyizeho ingamba za politiki zigamije gushyigikira iterambere ry’ububiko bw’ingufu, nka politiki z’inkunga n’imishinga yo kwerekana uburyo bwo kubika ingufu. Muri icyo gihe, amahame n’amahame ajyanye no kubika ingufu nabyo birimo gutera imbere, bitanga icyizere cy’iterambere ryiza ry’inganda zibika ingufu.
Ingaruka n'imbogamizi
Ingaruka n'imbogamizi urwego rw'ububitsi bw'ingufu ruhura nazo zirimo ingaruka z'ikoranabuhanga, ingaruka z'isoko, ingaruka za politiki, nibindi. Ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu riracyari mu iterambere rirambye no kunozwa, kandi hari urwego runaka rw'ubuhanga budasobanutse neza; ku bijyanye n'isoko, isoko ryo kubika ingufu rihanganye cyane, kandi icyifuzo ku isoko n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro ni byinshi; ku bijyanye na politiki, inkunga n'ihamye bya politiki ni ingenzi mu iterambere ry'urwego rwo kubika ingufu.
Umwanzuro n'Icyerekezo
Nk'icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'iterambere ry'urwego rw'ingufu z'ejo hazaza, inganda zibika ingufu zifite isoko rinini n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutera imbere. Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga no kugabanya ikiguzi, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rizakoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, kubungabunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, gukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igezweho n'izindi nzego. Muri icyo gihe, inkunga ya politiki n'ibyifuzo by'isoko bizateza imbere iterambere ryihuse ry'urwego rubika ingufu, bigatuma rugira ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rishyigikira impinduka mu ngufu.
