Kugira ngo habeho ibura ry’ingufu rikomeje kwiyongera, inganda nshya z’ingufu zateye imbere mu myaka itanu ishize. Muri zo, inganda zikoresha ingufu za photovoltaic zabaye ahantu hakomeye mu nganda nshya z’ingufu kubera ko zizewe kandi zihamye, zimara igihe kirekire kandi zoroshye kuzishyiraho. Niba uherutse kugira igitekerezo cyo kugura panels z’izuba cyangwa module za pv, ariko ukaba utazi uko wahitamo, reba iyi nkuru.
Amakuru y'ibanze ku mirasire y'izuba:
Mu by’ukuri, paneli z’izuba ni ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu gufata ingufu ziva ku zuba, zifata urumuri rw’izuba zigatanga amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhindura fotoni muri electron, kandi iyo nzira yitwa ingaruka ya Photovoltaic. Iyo izuba ricanye kuri paneli z’izuba, photoelectron ziri kuri paneli ziterwa imbaraga n’imirasire y’izuba, bigatuma zigira photoelectron pairs. Electron imwe inyura kuri anode indi electron inyura kuri cathode, ikora inzira y’amashanyarazi. Paneli za silicon zigira ubuzima bw’imyaka irenga 25, ariko uko amasaha yo gukoresha yiyongera, imikorere yazo izagabanuka ku muvuduko wa 0.8% ku mwaka. Rero ntugahangayike, nubwo nyuma y’imyaka 10 ukoresha, paneli zawe ziracyafite umusaruro mwinshi.
Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa bikuru ku isoko birimo paneli za monocrystalline, paneli za polycrystalline, paneli za PERC na paneli za thin-film.
Muri ubwo bwoko bw'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, imbufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba nizo zikora neza cyane ariko kandi zihenze cyane. Ibi biterwa n'uburyo bwo kuzikora - kubera ko imbufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikorwa mu kristu za silikoni ku giti cyazo, abakora izo mbufu bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cyo kuzikora. Ubu buryo, buzwi nka Czochralase process, bukoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi butuma habaho imyanda ya silikoni (ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imbufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba za polycrystalline).
Nubwo bihenze kurusha paneli za polycrystalline, ni nziza kandi ikora neza cyane. Bitewe n'imikoranire ya silikoni yoroheje n'iy'umwimerere, paneli za monocrystalline zigaragara mu mukara, kandi akenshi zera cyangwa umukara inyuma. Ugereranyije n'izindi paneli, zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi zitanga imbaraga nyinshi mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga no kunoza umusaruro wa silikoni, paneli za monocrystalline zabaye ibicuruzwa bikuru ku isoko. Impamvu ni imbogamizi ya silikoni ya polycrystalline mu mikorere, ishobora kugera kuri 20% gusa, mu gihe imikorere ya paneli za monocrystalline muri rusange iri hagati ya 21-24%. Kandi icyuho cy'igiciro kiri hagati yazo kiri kugabanuka, bityo, paneli za monocrystalline ni zo zikunze kugaragara ku isi yose.
Uduce twa polycrystalline dukorwa na silicon wafer, byoroshya uburyo bwo gukora bateri -- igiciro gito kandi kiri hasi. Bitandukanye n'uduce twa monocrystalline, utundi duce twa polycrystalline ni ubururu mugihe tugaragaza urumuri. Iryo niryo tandukaniro riri hagati y'uduce twa silicon na crystal ya silicon yonyine mu ibara.
PERC isobanura Passivated Emitter na Rear Cell, kandi yitwa 'rear cell', ikorwa mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ubwo bwoko bwa solar panel burushaho gukora neza iyo bwongeyeho urwego ruri inyuma y'uturemangingo tw'izuba. Solar panel zisanzwe zifata imirasire y'izuba ku rugero runaka gusa, kandi urumuri rumwe ruranyura muri zo. Urundi rwego ruri muri solar panel ya PERC rushobora kongera gufata urumuri runyura kandi rukanoza imikorere. Ikoranabuhanga rya PERC rikunze gukoreshwa muri monocrystalline panels, kandi imbaraga zaryo ni zo nyinshi mu solar panels ziri ku isoko.
Bitandukanye n'udupfunyika twa monocrystalline na polycrystalline, udupfunyika twa thin-film dukozwe mu bindi bikoresho, ahanini bigizwe na: cadmium telluride (CdTe) na copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Ibi bikoresho bishyirwa ku birahure cyangwa plastike inyuma aho kuba silicon, bigatuma udupfunyika twa thin-film tworoshye gushyirwaho. Kubwibyo, ushobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi yo kuyishyiraho. Ariko imikorere yayo mu mikorere myiza ni yo mibi cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru bwa 15% gusa. Byongeye kandi, ifite igihe gito cyo kubaho ugereranije n'udupfunyika twa monocrystalline na polycrystalline.
Ni gute wahitamo amapaneli akwiye?
Biterwa n'ibyo ukeneye n'ibidukikije ubikoresha.
Ubwa mbere, niba uri umukoresha wo mu rugo kandi ufite ahantu hato ho gushyira sisitemu y'imirasire y'izuba. Hanyuma paneli z'izuba zifite imikorere myiza nka paneli za monocrystalline cyangwa paneli za PERC monocrystalline zizaba nziza kurushaho. Zifite ingufu nyinshi zo gusohora, bityo zikaba ari amahitamo meza cyane ku gace gato kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo gukoresha. Niba urakajwe n'amafaranga menshi y'amashanyarazi cyangwa ukabifata nk'ishoramari ugurisha amashanyarazi ku bigo bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi, paneli za monocrystalline ntizizagutenguha. Nubwo bihenda cyane kurusha paneli za polycrystalline mu ntangiriro, ariko mu gihe kirekire, bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukoresha kandi bikagufasha kugabanya amafaranga yawe y'amashanyarazi. Iyo inyungu zawe mu kuzigama fagitire no kugurisha amashanyarazi (niba inverter yawe iri kuri grid) zishyura ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya photovoltaic, ushobora no kwishyurwa ugurisha amashanyarazi. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa no ku nganda cyangwa inyubako z'ubucuruzi zigengwa n'umwanya.
Uburyo bwo gushyiraho paneli za polycrystalline bugaragara ko ari ibinyuranye. Bitewe n'igiciro cyazo gito, birakwiriye ku nganda cyangwa inyubako z'ubucuruzi zifite umwanya uhagije wo gushyiraho paneli. Kubera ko izi nyubako zifite ahantu hahagije ho gushyira paneli z'izuba kugira ngo zishyure ubushobozi buke. Kuri ubu bwoko bw'ibi, paneli za polycrystalline zitanga umusaruro mwiza ku giciro.
Ku bijyanye n'udupira duto, muri rusange twakoreshwaga mu mishinga minini y'ibikorwaremezo bitewe nuko bihendutse kandi bikora neza cyangwa ibisenge by'inyubako nini z'ubucuruzi zidashobora kwihanganira uburemere bw'udupira tw'izuba. Cyangwa ushobora no kubishyira ku modoka zitwara abantu n'amato nk'uruganda rushobora kwimurwa.
Muri rusange, hitamo witonze igihe uguze panneaux solaires, kuko igihe cyo kubaho cyazo gishobora kugera ku myaka 20 ugereranije. Ariko ntabwo bigoye nkuko ubyibwira, ukurikije ibyiza n'ibibi bya buri bwoko bwa panneaux solaires, kandi ukabihuza n'ibyo ukeneye, hanyuma uzabona igisubizo gikwiye.
If you are looking for solar panel price, feel free to contact us by email: info@lessososolar.com
