Kuti kugutse kudiwa kwesimba kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, indasitiri itsva yesimba yakabudirira mumakore mashanu apfuura. Pakati pawo, indasitiri yePhotovoltaic yave nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa muindasitiri itsva yesimba nekuda kwekuvimbika kwayo uye kugadzikana kwayo, kugara kwenguva refu uye kuiswa kuri nyore. Kana uchangobva kuva nepfungwa yekutenga solar panels kana pv module, asi usingazive kuti ungasarudza sei, ingotarisa chinyorwa chino.
Ruzivo rwekutanga nezve solar panels:
Mapaneru ezuva ndiwo midziyo yaishandiswa kubata simba kubva kuzuva, anotora chiedza chezuva uye anogadzira magetsi nekushandura photon kuita maerekitironi, uye maitiro iwayo anonzi Photovoltaic effect. Kana chiedza chezuva chikapenya papaneru yezuva, ma photoelectron ari pamapaneru anokurumidziswa nemwaranzi yezuva, zvichivabvumira kuumba ma photoelectron pairs. Rimwe electron rinoyerera kuenda ku anode uye rimwe electron rinoyerera kuenda ku cathode, zvichigadzira nzira yemagetsi. Mapaneru esilicon ane hupenyu hwebasa hwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu, asi nekuwedzera kwemaawa ekushandisa, kushanda kwawo kuchaderera nekumhanya kweinenge 0.8% pagore. Saka usazvidya moyo, kunyangwe mushure memakore gumi ekushandiswa, mapaneru ako achiri kuchengetedza kushanda kwepamusoro.
Mazuva ano, zvigadzirwa zvikuru mumusika zvinosanganisira mapaneru e monocrystalline, mapaneru e polycrystalline, mapaneru e PERC uye mapaneru e thin-film.
Pakati pemhando idzodzo dzema solar panels, ma monocrystalline panels ndiwo anoshanda zvakanyanya asi anodhura zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemaitiro ekugadzira - nekuti ma solar cell anogadzirwa kubva kuma silicon crystals ega ega, vagadziri vanofanirwa kutakura mari yekugadzira ma crystals iwayo. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa seCzochralase process, anoshandisa simba rakawanda uye anogadzira marara e silicon (ayo anogona kuzoshandiswa kugadzira ma polycrystalline solar cells).
Kunyangwe ichidhura kupfuura mapaneru epolycrystalline, inoshanda uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwekudyidzana kwesilicon yakajeka uye yakachena, mapaneru emonocrystalline anoonekwa mutema, uye kazhinji machena kana matema kumashure. Kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mapaneru, ine simba rekudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya, uye inogadzira simba rakawanda kana tembiricha yakakwira. Asi nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwesilicon, mapaneru emonocrystalline ave chigadzirwa chikuru mumusika. Chikonzero ndechekuganhurira kwepolycrystalline silicon mukushanda, iyo inogona kusvika pa20% chete, nepo kushanda kwemapaneru emonocrystalline kazhinji kuri 21-24%. Uye musiyano wemutengo pakati pawo uri kudzikira, saka, mapaneru emonocrystalline ndiwo sarudzo yakajairika.
Mapaneru ePolycrystalline anogadzirwa nesilicon wafer, izvo zvinoita kuti basa rekugadzira mabhatiri rive nyore -- mutengo wakaderera uye wakaderera. Kusiyana nemapaneru emonocrystalline, mapaneru epolycrystalline cells ane ruvara rwebhuruu uku achiratidza chiedza. Ndiwo musiyano uripo pakati pezvidimbu zvesilicon nesilicon crystal yakachena.
PERC inomirira Passivated Emitter neRear Cell, uye inonziwo 'rear cell', iyo inogadzirwa netekinoroji yepamusoro. Rudzi urwu rwe solar panel runoshanda zvakanyanya nekuwedzera layer iri kumashure kwe solar cells. Ma solar panels akajairwa anotora chiedza chezuva kusvika pamwero wakati, uye chimwe chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pawo zvakananga. Layer iri mu PERC solar panel inogona kutora chiedza chinopfuura zvakare uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Tekinoroji yePERC inowanzo shandiswa muma monocrystalline panels, uye simba rayo rakatarwa ndiro rakakwirira pakati pe solar panels dziri pamusika.
Kusiyana nemapaneru emonocrystalline nemapaneru epolycrystalline, mapaneru ethin-film anogadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinonyanya kutaurwa nezve: cadmium telluride (CdTe) uye copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Zvinhu izvi zvinoiswa pamagirazi kana mapurasitiki kumashure panzvimbo pesilicon, zvichiita kuti mapaneru ethin-film ave nyore kuisa. Nokudaro, unogona kuchengetedza mari yakawanda yekuisa. Asi kushanda kwayo zvakanaka ndiko kwakaipisisa, ine kushanda kwakanyanya kwe15% chete. Pamusoro pezvo, ine hupenyu hupfupi kana tichienzanisa nemapaneru emonocrystalline nemapaneru epolycrystalline.
Ungasarudza sei mapaneru akakodzera?
Zvinoenderana nezvaunoda uye nzvimbo yauri kuishandisa.
Kutanga, kana uri mushandisi wedzimba uye uine nzvimbo shoma yekuisa solar panel system. Saka solar panels dzine mashandiro akanyanya akadai se monocrystalline panels kana PERC monocrystalline panels dzichava nani. Ane simba repamusoro rekuburitsa uye saka ndiwo sarudzo dzakanakisa dzenzvimbo diki kuti uwedzere kugona. Kana uchitsamwiswa nemabhiri emagetsi akakwira kana kuatora sekudyara nekutengesa magetsi kumakambani emagetsi, monocrystalline panels haazokuodze mwoyo. Kunyangwe zvichidhura kupfuura polycrystalline panels pakutanga, asi nekufamba kwenguva, zvinopa kugona kwakanyanya uye zvinokubatsira kuderedza mabhiri ako emagetsi. Kana mari yako mukuchengetedza mabhiri nekutengesa magetsi (kana inverter yako iri pagrid) ichivhara mari yemidziyo ye photovoltaic, unogona kutobhadharwa nekutengesa magetsi. Sarudzo iyi inoshandawo kumafekitori kana zvivakwa zvemabhizinesi zvine nzvimbo shoma.
Zviri pachena kuti mamiriro ekuisa mapaneru epolycrystalline akasiyana. Nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera, zvinoshanda kumafekitori kana zvivakwa zvemabhizinesi zvine nzvimbo yakakwana yekuisa mapaneru. Nekuti zvivakwa izvi zvine nzvimbo dzakakwana dzekuisa mapaneru ezuva kuti zvitsive kusashanda zvakanaka. Kune rudzi urwu rwemamiriro ezvinhu, mapaneru epolycrystalline anopa mashandiro akanaka emutengo.
Kana ari mapaneru matete, aiwanzoshandiswa mumabasa makuru ekushandisa nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera uye kushanda zvakanaka kana matenga ezvivakwa zvikuru zvemabhizinesi zvisingakwanise kutakura huremu hwemapaneru ezuva. Kana kuti unogona kutoaisa paRecreational Vehicles nezvikepe se 'chinotakurika'.
Zvose pamwe chete, sarudza nokungwarira paunenge uchitenga solar panels, sezvo hupenyu hwadzo hunogona kusvika makore makumi maviri paavhareji. Asi hazvina kuoma sezvaunofunga, zvichienderana nezvakanakira nezvakaipa zvemhando yega yega yesolar panel, wobva wasanganisa zvaunoda, ipapo unogona kuwana mhinduro yakakwana.
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