Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno ekhulayo yamandla, ishishini elitsha lamandla liye lachuma kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo. Phakathi kwazo, ishishini le-Photovoltaic liye laba yindawo eshushu kushishino olutsha lwamandla ngenxa yokuthembeka kwalo nokuzinza kwalo, ubomi benkonzo ende kunye nokufakelwa okulula. Ukuba kutshanje unengcamango yokuthenga iiphaneli zelanga okanye imodyuli ye-pv, kodwa awazi ukuba ungakhetha njani. Jonga nje eli nqaku.
Ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neepaneli zelanga:
Iiphaneli zelanga ngokwenene zizixhobo ezazisetyenziselwa ukubamba amandla avela elangeni, zifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye zivelise umbane ngokuguqula i-photon ibe yi-electron, kwaye loo nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Photovoltaic effect. Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kwiphaneli yelanga, ii-photoelectron ezikwiiphaneli zikhuthazwa yimitha yelanga, ezivumela ukuba zenze ii-photoelectron pairs. I-electron enye igeleza iye kwi-anode kwaye enye i-electron igeleza iye kwi-cathode, zenze indlela yamandla. Iiphaneli zeSilicon zinobomi benkonzo obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25, kodwa ngokwanda kweeyure zokusebenzisa, ukusebenza kwazo kuya kwehla ngesantya esimalunga ne-0.8% ngonyaka. Ngoko ungakhathazeki, nokuba emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokusetyenziswa, iiphaneli zakho zisasebenza kakuhle.
Kule mihla, iimveliso eziphambili kwimarike ziquka iiphaneli ze-monocrystalline, iiphaneli ze-polycrystalline, iiphaneli ze-PERC kunye neephaneli ze-thin-film.
Phakathi kwezo ntlobo zeepaneli zelanga, iipaneli ze-monocrystalline zezona zisebenza kakuhle kodwa zikwabiza kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa - kuba iiseli zelanga zenziwe ngeekristale zesilicon nganye, abavelisi kufuneka bathwale iindleko zokwenza ezo kristale. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yeCzochralase, inamandla amaninzi kwaye idala inkunkuma yesilicon (enokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iiseli zelanga ze-polycrystalline).
Nangona ibiza kakhulu kuneephaneli ze-polycrystalline, isebenza kakuhle kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-silicon ekhanyayo necocekileyo, iiphaneli ze-monocrystalline zibonakala zimnyama, kwaye zihlala zimhlophe okanye zimnyama ngasemva. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiphaneli, inokumelana nobushushu okuphezulu, kwaye ivelisa amandla amaninzi phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu. Kodwa ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso ye-silicon, iiphaneli ze-monocrystalline ziye zaba yimveliso ephambili kwimarike. Isizathu kukulinganiselwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-silicon ye-polycrystalline, enokufikelela kuphela kwi-20% ephezulu, ngelixa ukusebenza kakuhle kweephaneli ze-monocrystalline ngokubanzi yi-21-24%. Kwaye umsantsa wamaxabiso phakathi kwazo uyancipha, ke ngoko, iiphaneli ze-monocrystalline zezona zikhetho zibalaseleyo.
Iiphaneli zePolycrystalline zenziwe nge-silicon wafer, nto leyo eyenza lula inkqubo yokwenza iibhetri--ixabiso eliphantsi, ixabiso eliphantsi. Ngokungafaniyo neephaneli ze-monocrystalline, iiseli zeephaneli ze-polycrystalline ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngelixa zibonisa ukukhanya. Nguwo lowo umahluko phakathi kweziqwenga ze-silicon kunye nekristale ye-silicon ecocekileyo ngombala.
I-PERC imele i-Passivated Emitter kunye ne-Rear Cell, kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'rear cell', eyenziwe ngobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Olu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga lusebenza kakuhle ngokongeza umaleko ongasemva kweeseli zelanga. Iiphaneli zelanga eziqhelekileyo zifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga kuphela kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye ukukhanya okuthile kudlula ngqo kuzo. Umaleko owongezelelweyo kwiphaneli yelanga ye-PERC unokufunxa ukukhanya okudlulayo kwakhona kwaye uphucule ukusebenza kakuhle. Itekhnoloji ye-PERC idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiiphaneli ze-monocrystalline, kwaye amandla ayo alinganisiweyo aphezulu phakathi kweephaneli zelanga ezikwimarike.
Ngokungafaniyo neephaneli ze-monocrystalline kunye neephaneli ze-polycrystalline, iiphaneli ze-thin-film zenziwe ngezinye izinto, ezimalunga ikakhulu ne: i-cadmium telluride (CdTe) kunye ne-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Ezi zinto zifakwa kwi-backplanes zeglasi okanye zeplastiki endaweni ye-silicon, okwenza kube lula ukufaka iiphaneli ze-thin-film. Ke ngoko, unokonga iindleko ezininzi zokufakela. Kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle yeyona nto imbi kakhulu, ene-15% kuphela. Ukongeza, inobomi obufutshane xa kuthelekiswa neephaneli ze-monocrystalline kunye neephaneli ze-polycrystalline.
Ungakhetha njani iipaneli ezifanelekileyo?
Kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kunye nendawo oyisebenzisa kuyo.
Okokuqala, ukuba ungumsebenzisi wekhaya kwaye unendawo encinci yokubeka inkqubo yephaneli yelanga. Ke iiphaneli zelanga ezinokusebenza okuphezulu njengeephaneli ze-monocrystalline okanye iiphaneli ze-PERC monocrystalline ziya kuba ngcono. Zinamandla aphezulu okukhupha kwaye ke ngoko zezona zikhetho zifanelekileyo kwindawo encinci ukuze kwandiswe umthamo. Ukuba ucaphukile ziindleko eziphezulu zombane okanye uzithatha njengotyalo-mali ngokuthengisa umbane kwiinkampani zamandla ombane, iiphaneli ze-monocrystalline aziyi kukuphoxa. Nangona zibiza ngaphezu kweephaneli ze-polycrystalline kwinqanaba lokuqala, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, zibonelela ngomthamo ophezulu kwaye zikunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zakho zombane. Xa umvuzo wakho wokonga iindleko kunye nokuthengisa umbane (ukuba i-inverter yakho ikwigridi) igubungela iindleko zeseti yezixhobo ze-photovoltaic, ungahlawulwa nangokuthengisa umbane. Olu khetho lukwasebenza nakwiifektri okanye kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezithintelwe yindawo.
Imeko yokufaka iiphaneli ze-polycrystalline ngokucacileyo ichasene noko. Ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi, iyasebenza kwiifektri okanye kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezinesithuba esaneleyo sokufaka iiphaneli. Kuba ezi zakhiwo zineendawo ezaneleyo zokubeka iiphaneli zelanga ukuze kulungiswe ukungabikho kokusebenza kakuhle. Kule meko, iiphaneli ze-polycrystalline zibonelela ngexabiso elihle kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelele iiphaneli zefilimu encinci, zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiprojekthi enkulu yokusetyenziswa ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okanye uphahla lwezakhiwo ezinkulu zorhwebo ezingenako ukuthwala ubunzima beephaneli zelanga. Okanye ungazibeka nakwiiVehicles zokuzonwabisa kunye neenqanawa 'njengesityalo esiphathwayo'.
Lilonke, khetha ngononophelo xa uthenga iiphaneli zelanga, njengoko ubomi bazo bunokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-20 ngokomndilili. Kodwa akunzima njengoko ucinga, ngokweenzuzo kunye nokungalungi kohlobo ngalunye lwephaneli yelanga, kwaye xa udibanisa neemfuno zakho, ungafumana impendulo egqibeleleyo.
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