Hei whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō te pūngao, kua tino puāwai te umanga pūngao hou i ngā tau e rima kua pahure ake nei. I roto i ēnei, kua noho te umanga Photovoltaic hei wāhi rongonui i roto i te umanga pūngao hou nā te mea he pono, he pumau, he roa te ora o te mahi, ā, he ngāwari te tāutanga. Mena kei te whakaaro koe ki te hoko i ngā panera rā, i ngā waeine pv rānei, engari kāore koe i te mōhio me pēhea te whiriwhiri. Tirohia tēnei tuhinga.
Ngā mōhiohio taketake mō ngā panera rā:
Ko ngā panera rā ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana hei hopu i te pūngao mai i te rā, ka mimiti i te hihi o te rā, ka whakaputa hiko mā te huri i te photon hei irahiko, ā, ko taua tukanga e kiia ana ko te pānga Photovoltaic. Ina whiti te rā ki runga i te panera rā, ka whakaohokia ngā irahiko whakaahua i runga i ngā panera e te hihi o te rā, ka taea ai e rātou te hanga takirua irahiko whakaahua. Ka rere tetahi irahiko ki te anode, ka rere tetahi irahiko ki te cathode, ka hanga he ara iahiko. Neke atu i te 25 tau te roa o te ora o ngā panera silicon, engari me te pikinga ake o ngā hāora whakamahi, ka heke te tere o te 0.8% ia tau. Nō reira kaua e manukanuka, ahakoa kua 10 tau te whakamahinga, ka mau tonu te mahi putanga teitei o ō panera.
I ēnei rā, ko ngā hua matua o te mākete ko ngā panera monocrystalline, ngā panera polycrystalline, ngā panera PERC me ngā panera kiriata-angiangi.
I roto i aua momo panera rā, ko ngā panera monocrystalline te mea tino whai hua engari ko te mea tino utu nui hoki. Nā te tukanga hangahanga tēnei - nā te mea he mea hanga ngā pūtau rā mai i ngā tioata silicon takitahi, me utu e ngā kaihanga te utu mō te hanga i aua tioata. Ko tēnei tukanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te tukanga Czochralase, he nui te pūngao, ā, ka puta he para silicon (ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā pūtau rā polycrystalline).
Ahakoa he nui ake te utu i ngā panera polycrystalline, he pai te mahi, ā, he tino pai te mahi. Nā te taunekeneke o te mārama me te silicon parakore, ka puta ngā panera monocrystalline i te pango, ā, he mā, he pango rānei te nuinga o te wā i muri. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu panera, he nui te ātete ki te wera, ā, ka nui ake te kaha e puta ana i raro i te pāmahana teitei. Engari nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te whakapainga o te hanga silicon, kua noho ngā panera monocrystallien hei hua matua i te mākete. Ko te take he iti te pai o te silicon polycrystalline, ka eke noa ki te 20% te mōrahi, ko te pai o ngā panera monocrystalline he 21-24% te nuinga. Ā, kei te whaiti haere te rerekētanga utu i waenganui i a rātou, nō reira, ko ngā panera monocrystalline te kōwhiringa whānui.
Ka hangaia ngā panera polycrystalline mā te wafer silicon, e māmā ake ai te tukanga hanga pākahiko - he iti te utu, he iti te utu. Kāore i rite ki ngā panera monocrystalline, he kikorangi ngā pūtau panera polycrystalline i te wā e whakaata ana i te mārama. Koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā maramara silicon me te karaihe silicon parakore te tae.
Ko te PERC he whakarāpopototanga mō te Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, ā, e kiia ana hoki ko te 'rear cell', he mea hanga i roto i te hangarau matatau. He pai ake te whai hua o tēnei momo panera rā mā te tāpiri i tētahi paparanga i muri i ngā pūtau rā. Ka mimiti noa ngā panera rā tuku iho i te rā ki tētahi taumata motuhake, ā, ka tika te haere o ētahi mārama mā roto i a rātou. Ka taea e te paparanga tāpiri i roto i te panera rā PERC te mimiti anō i te mārama e haere ana, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga. Ko te hangarau PERC te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā panera monocrystalline, ā, ko tōna mana whakatauranga te mea teitei rawa atu i roto i ngā panera rā kei te mākete.
He rerekē i ngā panera monocrystalline me ngā panera polycrystalline, he mea hanga ngā panera angiangi ki ētahi atu rauemi, arā, ko te cadmium telluride (CdTe) me te copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Ka whakatakotoria ēnei rauemi ki runga i ngā papa karāhe, kirihou rānei hei utu mō te silicon, kia māmā ake ai te tāuta i ngā panera angiangi. Nō reira, ka taea e koe te penapena i te nui o ngā utu tāutanga. Engari ko tana mahi pai te mea kino rawa atu, me te pai teitei rawa o te 15% anake. Hei tāpiri, he poto ake te roa o tōna ora ki te whakataurite ki ngā panera monocrystalline me ngā panera polycrystalline.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā panera tika?
Kei runga i ō hiahia me te taiao e whakamahia ana e koe.
Tuatahi, ki te mea he kaiwhakamahi kāinga koe, ā, he iti noa te wāhi hei whakanoho i te pūnaha panera rā. He pai ake ngā panera rā he nui ake te whai huatanga pērā i ngā panera monocrystalline, ngā panera monocrystalline PERC rānei. He nui ake te mana whakaputa, nō reira koinei ngā kōwhiringa tino pai mō te wāhi iti hei whakanui ake i te kaha. Mena kei te riri koe ki ngā pire hiko teitei, ki te hoko rānei i te hiko ki ngā kamupene hiko hei haumi, e kore ngā panera monocrystalline e whakararu i a koe. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu i ngā panera polycrystalline i te wāhanga o mua, engari i te wā roa, ka nui ake te kaha ka whakaratohia, ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakaiti i ō pire hiko. Ina utua e ō whiwhinga moni i te penapena pire me te hoko hiko (mēnā kei runga i te whatunga tō inverter) te utu o te huinga taputapu photovoltaic, ka taea e koe te utu mā te hoko hiko. Ka pā hoki tēnei kōwhiringa ki ngā wheketere, ki ngā whare arumoni rānei he iti noa te wāhi.
Ko te āhua o te tāutanga o ngā panera polycrystalline he rerekē rawa. Nā te iti o te utu, e tika ana tēnei mō ngā wheketere, ngā whare arumoni rānei he nui te wāhi hei tāuta i ngā panera. Nā te mea he nui ngā wāhi o ēnei whare hei whakanoho i ngā panera solar hei whakakapi i te koretake o te whai huatanga. Mō tēnei momo āhuatanga, he pai te utu o ngā panera polycrystalline.
Mō ngā panera angiangi, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā kaupapa ratonga nui nā te iti o te utu me te whai huatanga, nā te mea kāore e taea e ngā tuanui o ngā whare arumoni nui te tautoko i te taumaha o ngā panera pūngao rā. Ka taea rānei te whakanoho ki runga i ngā Waka Whakangahau me ngā poti hei 'whakatipu kawe'.
Hei whakamutunga, whiriwhiria marietia ina hoko ana i ngā panera rā, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te roa te ora ki te 20 tau te roa. Engari ehara i te mea uaua pērā i tō whakaaro, engari me whakaaro noa ki ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia momo panera rā, me te whakakotahi ki ō hiahia ake, kātahi ka whiwhi koe i te whakautu tino tika.
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