Dambudziko rekukura kwegwenga riri kuramba richikura nekuda kwebasa revanhu uye kukurumidza kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose. Kurwisa nzizi dzegwenga hakusi kunonoka, sezvo nzvimbo yegwenga yeChina yava 2.62 miriyoni makiromita, kana kuti 27.4% yenzvimbo yese yenyika. Munhu angawana sei nzira yekugadzira uye inoshanda yekutonga? Kudzora jecha remagetsi ezuva kwakabuda nguva pfupi yadarika uye kwaratidza kuva nzira inoshanda yekudzora kukura kwegwenga muChina pamwe nekubatanidza nekuvandudza masosi matsva esimba.
Nekuda kwekuedza kwekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kusimudzira budiriro isina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza, China iri kuferefeta zvakasimba nzira itsva dzekuderedza kuva gwenga. Kuedza kweChina kudzora kuva gwenga kuri kuramba kuchivimba nekudzora jecha rinobuda nemagetsi, muenzaniso wekutonga unosanganisa kuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva nekudzivirira nekugadzirisa kuva gwenga.
Kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa simba rezuva munzvimbo dzegwenga, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwesimba rezuva, kunozivikanwa sekudzora jecha rinoshandisa simba rezuva. Nzira iyi inogadzirisa ivhu rejecha, inoderedza kupinda kwejecha, uye inogadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma nharaunda yegwenga. Pamusoro pezvo, zvirimwa zvinotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura zvinodyarwa uye zvidziviriro zvejecha zvinoiswa.
"Panyaya ye 'kabhoni kaviri', indasitiri itsva yesimba iri kukura nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzine jecha." Sun Guoji, director weDesertification Prevention and Control Department yeState Forestry and Grassland Bureau, akataura pamusangano wekutanga wePV Sand Control Professional Committee yeChina Society for Sand Control and Sand Industry musi wa5 Mbudzi 2023, kuti kudzora jecha rePV hakungogadzirisi nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza chete asiwo kunokurudzira kukura kwemaindasitiri matsva esimba uye kunoita kuti pave nemamiriro akawanda ekubatsirana munharaunda, hupfumi, uye nharaunda.
Kufambira mberi kwekudzora jecha remagetsi anobuda muzuva muChina kunoshamisa. China yanga ichikurudzira mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa jecha remagetsi anobuda muzuva munzvimbo dzinoita gwenga dzakadai seInner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, nedzimwe nzvimbo kuitira kuti iwane mabhenefiti esimba rakachena uye nharaunda. Panyaya idzi, chirongwa chekudzivirira jecha remagetsi chinobuda muInner Mongolia muKubuqi Desert chakura kusvika pakuva chikuru pasi rose, chichida mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mashanu nehafu eyuan uye chichigadzira simba rinofungidzirwa kuva bhiriyoni imwe kWh pagore, nekwanisiro yekugadzirisa maekare mazana maviri ejecha.
Kunyangwe hazvo kudzora jecha remagetsi ezuva nezuva kwakaburitsa mhedzisiro inoshamisa, kuchine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvekukunda. "Tekinoroji yekudzora jecha inofanirwa kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya, maitiro ekuona kuti kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ezuva nezuva kunoshanda zvakanaka panguva imwe chete, kutonga kwakanaka kwegwenga, zvichiri kuda kutsvagurudzwa nekudzidza kwesainzi." Yang Wenbin, nyanzvi yepamusoro mukudzora jecha paChina Academy of Forestry Research, akadaro. Uyezve, chirongwa chekudzora jecha remagetsi ezuva nezuva chinosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvine chekuita nenyika, zviwanikwa zvemvura, nezvimwe zviwanikwa.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakataura kuti kuchine vimbiso yakawanda yekudzora jecha remagetsi rinopisa kunyangwe paine matambudziko. Mabhenefiti ehupfumi epurojekiti yekudzora jecha remagetsi rinopisa achaonekwa nekufamba kwenguva sezvo tekinoroji yemagetsi inofambira mberi uye mutemo mutsva wesimba reChina uchiramba uchigadziriswa.
"Takaisa chirevo che10 kilowatts yePV pamunhu ari munzvimbo yerenje, nechinangwa chekugadzira nzvimbo yakazara yekuedza yePV yekudzoreredza zvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudzwa kwemaruwa kunoitwa nePV." He Jijiang, mutevedzeri wemukuru weTsinghua University Energy Transition and Social Development Research Center, akaunzwa. Nechiedza chakawanda, mvura shoma, tekinoroji itsva, kushanda zvakanaka, uye mabhenefiti emaindasitiri, "photovoltaic + composite utilization" inonyanya kubatsira kuti nzvimbo yerenje yekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri yemapapiro ibhururuke. Nzvimbo iyi yave sarudzo itsva yerenje.
Senzira yemazuva ano yekudzivirira kushanduka kwemagwenga, kudzora jecha remagetsi kunobatsira kuvandudza nharaunda yechisikigo uye kukurudzira kukura kwechikamu chitsva chesimba. Kutarisira jecha remagetsi ezuva nezuva kuchave kwakakosha mune ramangwana kuChina mukurwisa kushanduka kwemagwenga uye kugadzira simba idzva. Kudzora jecha remagetsi ezuva nezuva kucharatidza tarisiro huru mukugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kusimudzira kukura kwakachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuchinja kubva pa "kudzora jecha remaindasitiri" kuenda pa "kudzora jecha rezvipenyu"
Mapaneru ezuva akarongwa zvakanaka, se "gungwa" rinopenya nguva dzose muGobi Desert, anosiya vaoni vachishamisika nekusanganiswa kwakakwana kwenjere dzevanhu nesimba rechisikigo. "Gungwa" iri rinoita se "chombo" chisingaputsike chakagadzirirwa ivhu chete, chichidzivirira kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza murenje.
Gobi Desert neuswa hwakasvibira huri pasi pema solar panels zvinopa chiono chakasiyana zvikuru. Makwai akanga asingakwanisi kunzwisisa mamiriro awo ekuzorora nekufura munzvimbo iyi, asi nekuda kwekudzora jecha re photovoltaic, zvese izvi zvava kugona kuitika.
Matunhu matatu ekuchamhembe kweChina anosanganisira ruzhinji rwenzvimbo dzakaparadzwa nenyika, iyo yakabatana zvikuru nenzvimbo dzisina hupfumi uye dzine vanhu vashoma. Nyika dzakaparadzwa dzinopfuura 600,000 square kilometers, kana kuti 23.3% yenzvimbo yose yakaparadzwa yenyika, dziri muInner Mongolia kunyanya. Izvi zvinoumba 51.5% yenzvimbo yese yedunhu rinozvitonga.
Kudiridza kunochengetedza mvura uye nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa simba remagetsi kuderedza kuungana kwemhepo nejecha. Hurumende yeInvestment muBeijing Dengkou I neII yakaunza nzira dzekudzora jecha rinoshandisa simba remagetsi kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira. "Chirongwa chekudzora jecha reDengkou I neII PV chinoshandisa maeka 2,400 ejecha, chinochengetedza matani 45,000 emarasha enguva dzose, chinodzikisa kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide nematani 120,000, uye chinoburitsa mamiriyoni 120 kWh emagetsi egirinhi pagore. Chinoderedzawo mamiriro ekunze ane guruva ne10%. Pamwe chete neHurumende yeDengkou County, tichavaka Jinsha PV, guta rakagadzirirwa kuderedza urombo, kukurudzira kukura kwemabhizinesi emudunhu, uye kugadzirisa nyaya yemabasa emunharaunda anopfuura 500." Wang ndiye akatanga kutaura.
Kuti vagadzire nzira itsva dzekudzivirira nekudzora jecha mhiri kwegungwa uye kuti varambe vachiburitsa mhedzisiro mitsva, Dengkou akadzidzira kuongorora muenzaniso wekudzora jecha.
Muna 2017, NDRC Beijing yakapinda Musangano weChitatu weUnited Nations Environment Assembly, uyo wakaitirwa muKenya mushure mekukurudzirwa neNational Development and Reform Commission. Ipapo, Komisheni yakabvuma "Dengkou photovoltaic sand control model" sehurukuro huru. Muna 2022, mapurojekiti eDengkou matatu nemana e photovoltaic sand control akatangwa mukuyedza kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda mukudzora jecha rezuva. Mundima yekuvandudza simba idzva nekubatanidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, nzira itsva yekudzora jecha nejecha yakagamuchirwa. Chirongwa cheDengkou photovoltaic sand control chichapinda muchikamu chechitatu nechina muna 2022, chichiwedzera ruzivo rwacho mukudzora jecha rezuva uye kusimudzira kuedza kwaro kuri kuenderera mberi kwekuvaka simba idzva rekubatanidza zvakatipoteredza.
Chirongwa chekudzora jecha re photovoltaic muUlanbuh Desert chakura kusvika pachiyero che370,000 kilowatts, zvichiita kuti chive muenzaniso mukuru, unoshanda zvakanaka, uye wakajairika wechirongwa chitsva chekubatanidza simba rezvakatipoteredza munharaunda iyi. Zvakabudirirawo kuchinja kubva pa "kupinda mujecha nevanhu" kuenda pa "vanhu vanopinda mujecha."
Iyi "gungwa rebhuruu" muGobi Desert haingopi magetsi akachena chete, asiwo inosimudzira tariro isingaperi. State Power Investment Corporation (SIPC) sustainable jecha control model "reservation ecological management + green energy ecological industry" yakaramba ichikurudzira kubatanidzwa kwekudzora gwenga neindasitiri itsva yesimba uye budiriro yepamusoro, pamwe nekuchinja kubva ku "industrial jecha control" kuenda ku "ecological jecha control." "Ecological jecha control" yakatsiva "industrial jecha control."
"Tichatungamira kushandurwa nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri munzvimbo dzakaita gwenga, kuvaka cheni yeindasitiri inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye kuedza kugadzira chishamiso chitsva chekudzora jecha reChina munguva itsva." Vanhu nezvisikwa zvinogara pamwe chete, uye unogona kugadzira ramangwana rakajeka.
