Kei te kino haere te raruraru o te ururua nā te mahi a te tangata me te tere haere o te huringa āhuarangi o te ao. Kāore e roa te whawhai ki te ururua, nā te mea ko te whenua ururua o Haina inaianei e 2.62 miriona kiromita tapawha, arā, 27.4% o te whenua katoa o te motu. Me pēhea te whakatakoto i tētahi tikanga whakahaere auaha me te whai hua? Nō nā tata nei i puta ai te whakahaere onepu photovoltaic, ā, kua whakaatuhia he tikanga whai hua mō te whakahaere i te ururua i Haina, tae atu ki te whakauru me te whakawhanake i ngā puna pūngao hou.
I runga i ngā mahi a te ao whānui ki te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga e pai ana ki te taiao, kei te kaha te rangahau a Haina i ngā huarahi hou hei aukati i te ururua. Ko ngā mahi a Haina ki te whakahaere i te ururua kei te whakawhirinaki haere ki te whakahaere onepu photovoltaic, he tauira whakahaere e whakakotahi ana i te whanaketanga o ngā puna pūngao hou me te aukati me te whakahaere i te ururua.
Ko te hanganga o ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic i ngā rohe koraha, me te whakamahi i te whakaputanga hiko o te rā, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakahaere onepu photovoltaic. Ka whakatikatikahia e tēnei tikanga te oneone onepu, ka whakaitihia te urunga o te onepu, ā, ka whakahokia mārire te taiao o te koraha. Hei tāpiri, ka whakatōkia ngā tipu ātete-tauraki, ā, ka whakatūria he ārai onepu.
"I roto i te horopaki o te 'waro takirua', kei te tino puāwai te umanga pūngao hou, ā, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga i ngā rohe onepu." I kī a Sun Guoji, te kaiwhakahaere o te Tari Ārai me te Whakahaere i te Koraha o te Tari Ngāherehere me te Tarutaru o te Kāwanatanga, i te hui tuatahi o te Komiti Ngaio Whakahaere Onepu PV o te Rōpū Whakahaere Onepu me te Ahumahi Onepu o Haina i te 5 o Noema, 2023, kāore te whakahaere onepu PV e whakapai ake i te taiao taiao engari ka whakatairanga hoki i te tipu o ngā umanga pūngao hou, ā, ka kitea he maha ngā painga pāpori, ōhanga, me te taiao.
He mea whakamiharo te ahunga whakamua o te whakahaere onepu photovoltaic i Haina. Kei te whakatairanga a Haina i ngā kaupapa whakahaere onepu photovoltaic i ngā rohe koraha pēnei i a Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, me ētahi atu rohe kia whiwhi ai i ngā hua o te pūngao ma me te taiao. I roto i ēnei, ko te kaupapa whakahaere onepu PV i te Koraha Kubuqi o Inner Mongolia kua tupu hei kaupapa nui rawa atu o te ao, e hiahiatia ana he haumitanga katoa o te 5.5 piriona yuan me te whakaputa i te 1 piriona kWh o te hiko ia tau, me te kaha ki te whakatika i te 200,000 eka o te onepu.
Ahakoa ngā hua whakamiharo o te whakahaere onepu photovoltaic, he maha tonu ngā arai hei wikitoria. "Me whakapai ake te hangarau whakahaere onepu, me pēhea te whakarite i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic i te wā kotahi, me te whakahaere pai o te koraha, me rangahau pūtaiao me te ako tonu," te kī a Yang Wenbin, te tohunga matua mō te whakahaere onepu i te China Academy of Forestry Research. Hei tāpiri, ka tūtaki te kaupapa whakahaere onepu photovoltaic ki ngā arai e pā ana ki te whenua, ngā rauemi wai, me ētahi atu rauemi.
I kī ētahi tohunga he nui tonu ngā tūmanako mō te whakahaere onepu photovoltaic ahakoa ngā wero. Ka kitea ngā painga ōhanga o te kaupapa whakahaere onepu photovoltaic i roto i te wā i te whanaketanga o te hangarau photovoltaic me te whakapai tonu i te kaupapa here pūngao hou a Haina.
"I whakatakotohia e mātou te pepeha o te 10 kilowatts o te PV mō ia tangata i te rohe koraha, me te whāinga kia waihangahia he rohe whakamātautau whānui mō te PV mō te whakaora taiao me te whakaora whenua e āhei ana ki te PV." I tukuna a He Jijiang, te tumuaki tuarua o te Pokapū Rangahau Whakawhiti Pūngao me te Whanaketanga Hapori o Te Whare Wānanga o Tsinghua. Nā te nui ake o te māramatanga, te iti ake o te wai, te hangarau hou, te whai huatanga teitei, me ngā painga ahumahi, ko te "whakamahinga photovoltaic + composite" he pai ake mō te rohe koraha o te whanaketanga ahumahi o ngā parirau kia rere. Kua waiho tēnei rohe hei whiringa hou mō te koraha.
Hei tikanga matatau mō te aukati i te ururua, ka āwhina te whakahaere onepu photovoltaic ki te whakapai ake i te taiao tūturu me te whakatairanga i te tipu o te rāngai pūngao hou. Ka nui ake te hiranga o te whakahaere onepu PV i ngā tau kei te heke mai mō ngā mahi a Haina ki te whawhai ki te ururua me te whakaputa puna pūngao hou. Ka whakaatu te whakahaere onepu PV i te tino whai hua ki te aro atu ki te huringa āhuarangi me te whakatairanga i te tipu taiao.
Te neke atu i te "whakahaere onepu ā-umanga" ki te "whakahaere onepu ā-taiao"
Ko ngā panera rā kua whakaritea paitia, pērā i te "moana" e kanapa tonu ana i te whānuitanga o te Koraha o Gobi, ka miharo te hunga mātakitaki ki te whakakotahitanga tino pai o te hinengaro tangata me te kaha o te taiao. Ko tēnei "moana" te āhua nei he "pū" pakari e kore e pakaru i hangaia mō te whenua anake, hei tiaki i te taurite taiao o te koraha.
He tino rerekē te tirohanga i te Koraha o Gobi me te tarutaru matomato i raro i ngā panera rā. I mua, kāore i taea e ngā hipi te whakaaro ki te wāhi e okioki ana, e kai ana i te kai i roto i tēnei oasis, engari nā te mana o te onepu photovoltaic, kua taea katoatia ēnei mea katoa.
Ko ngā rohe raki e toru o Haina te nuinga o te whenua koraha o te whenua, e hono tata ana ki ngā rohe rawakore ōhanga me ngā rohe tokoiti. Neke atu i te 600,000 kiromita tapawha o te whenua koraha, arā, 23.3% o te whenua koraha katoa o te whenua, kei roto i a Mongolia o Roto. Koinei te 51.5% o te rohe katoa o te rohe motuhake.
Ko te whakamakuku wai me ngā teihana mara photovoltaic hei whakaiti i te kohikohinga o te hau me te onepu. Nā te kaupapa whakahaere onepu photovoltaic a te State Power Investment Beijing Dengkou I me te II i whakauru i ngā tikanga whakahaere onepu photovoltaic mā roto i ngā kaupapa auaha maha. "Ka tukatukahia e te kaupapa whakahaere onepu PV Dengkou I me te II te 2,400 eka o te onepu, ka penapena i te 45,000 tana o te waro noa, ka whakaiti i ngā tukunga hauhā waro mā te 120,000 tana, ā, ka whakaputa i te 120 miriona kWh o te hiko matomato ia tau. Ka whakaitihia hoki te rangi puehu mā te 10%. I te taha o te Kāwanatanga o te Rohe o Dengkou, ka hangaia e mātou a Jinsha PV, he tāone i hangaia hei whakaiti i te rawakore, hei whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā umanga ā-rohe, me te aro atu ki te take o neke atu i te 500 ngā mahi ā-rohe." Nā Wang i whakapuaki tuatahi.
Hei whakawhanake i ngā rautaki hou mō te aukati me te whakahaere i te onepu puta noa i te moana, me te tuku tonu i ngā pānga whakaaturanga hou, i whakaharatau a Dengkou ki te tūhura i te tauira whakahaere onepu.
I te tau 2017, i tae atu a NDRC Beijing ki te Huihuinga Taiao Tuatoru o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao, i tū ki Kenya i runga i te taunakitanga a te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga ā-Motu. I reira, i whakaae te Komihana ki te "tauira whakahaere onepu photovoltaic a Dengkou" hei whaikōrero matua. I te tau 2022, i whakarewahia ngā kaupapa whakahaere onepu photovoltaic e toru me te whā a Dengkou hei ngana ki te whiwhi wheako ake i roto i te whakahaere onepu solar. I roto i te mara o te whakawhanake i te pūngao hou me te whakaurunga taiao, kua mohiotia te huarahi hou ki te tauira whakahaere onepu me te onepu. Ka uru te kaupapa whakahaere onepu photovoltaic a Dengkou ki tana wahanga tuatoru me te tuawhā i te tau 2022, hei tāpiri atu ki tana wheako ki te whakahaere onepu solar me te whakatairanga i ana mahi tonu ki te hanga whakaurunga taiao pūngao hou.
Kua tipu te kaupapa whakahaere onepu photovoltaic i te Koraha o Ulanbuh ki te tauine o te 370,000 kilowatts, koinei te tauira nui rawa atu, te tauira pai rawa atu, me te tauira paerewa rawa atu o te kaupapa whakauru rauropi hou i te rohe. Nā tēnei hoki i huri ai te kaupapa mai i te "onepu ki roto, ka puta te tangata" ki te "tangata ki roto, ka puta te onepu".
Ehara i te mea ko tēnei "moana kikorangi" i te Koraha o Gobi anake te mea e whakarato ana i te hiko ma, engari e poipoi ana hoki i te tumanako mutunga kore. Ko te tauira whakahaere onepu pumau a te State Power Investment Corporation (SIPC) "te whakahaere taiao koraha + te umanga taiao pūngao matomato" kei te akiaki tonu i te whakaurunga o te whakahaere koraha ki te umanga pūngao hou me te whanaketanga kounga teitei, me te nekehanga mai i te "whakahaere onepu ahumahi" ki te "whakahaere onepu taiao." Kua whakakapia te "whakahaere onepu taiao" e te "whakahaere onepu ahumahi."
"Ka akiaki mātou i te panonitanga me te whakapai ake i ngā ahumahi i ngā wāhi koraha, ka hanga he mekameka ahumahi tauwhiro, ā, ka whai mātou ki te waihanga i tētahi merekara hou o te whakahaere onepu a Haina i tēnei wā hou." Ka noho tahi te tangata me te taiao i roto i te rangimarie, ā, ka taea e koe te waihanga i tētahi heke mai kanapa ake.
