Gabatarwa ga shahararrun wayoyi da kayan da ake amfani da su a wuraren samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amfani da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana (PV) yana ƙara zama ci gaba mai sauri, a cikin tsarin gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na hasken rana, ban da manyan kayan aiki, kamar na'urorin hasken rana, inverters, masu canza wutar lantarki, ban da tallafawa haɗin kayan kebul na hasken rana akan ribar tashar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana gaba ɗaya, amincin aiki, ko da inganci mai yawa, shi ma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ga cikakken bayani game da kebul na gama gari da kayan da ake amfani da su a tashoshin wutar lantarki na hasken rana, da kuma tasirin muhallinsu.

Dangane da tsarin tashoshin wutar lantarki na PV, ana iya rarraba kebul zuwa kebul na DC da kebul na AC, kuma an rarraba su kamar haka bisa ga dalilai daban-daban da muhallin amfani:

1. Kebul na DC
(1). Kebulan da aka haɗa suna haɗa kayayyaki zuwa kayayyaki.
(2). Tsakanin igiyoyi da igiyoyinsu da akwatin rarraba DC (akwatin haɗuwa) ta hanyar haɗin layi ɗaya.
(3). Haɗa kebul tsakanin akwatin rarrabawa na DC da inverter.

Kebulan da aka lissafa a sama sune kebul na DC, waɗanda dole ne su kasance masu juriya ga danshi, masu juriya ga hasken rana, sanyi, zafi, da hasken UV. A wasu lokuta, dole ne a guji acid, alkali, da sauran sinadarai masu guba.

2. Kebul ɗin AC
(1). Haɗa na'urar canza wutar lantarki zuwa na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta amfani da kebul.
(2). Kebul ɗin da ke haɗa na'urar canza wutar lantarki zuwa na'urar rarraba wutar lantarki.
(3). Na'urar rarrabawa don grid ko kebul na haɗin mai amfani.

Wannan ɓangaren kebul ɗin na kebul ne na AC load, wanda aka shimfida shi a cikin yanayi na cikin gida daidai da ƙa'idodin zaɓin kebul na wutar lantarki gabaɗaya.

3. Kebul na musamman na photovoltaic
Dole ne a sanya kebul na DC mai yawa a waje a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, don haka kayan kebul ya kamata su kasance masu juriya ga hasken UV, ozone, canjin zafin jiki mai tsanani, da zaizayar sinadarai. Kebul na kayan da ake amfani da su a wannan yanayi na dogon lokaci zai raunana murfin kebul har ma ya narke layin kariya. Waɗannan yanayi ba wai kawai za su lalata tsarin kebul nan take ba, har ma za su ƙara yiwuwar rage wutar lantarki, da kuma yiwuwar gobara ko raunin ma'aikata a cikin matsakaici zuwa dogon lokaci, wanda hakan zai rage tsawon rayuwar aikin tsarin sosai.

Saboda haka, amfani da kebul da abubuwan da aka haɗa da PV a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki na PV yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Tare da ci gaba da faɗaɗa masana'antar hasken rana, kasuwar kayan tallafi na photovoltaic ta taso a hankali, kuma dangane da kebul, an samar da nau'ikan ma'auni don kayan kebul na musamman na photovoltaic. Kebul ɗin haɗin wutar lantarki da aka ƙera kwanan nan, wanda aka ƙididdige shi a 120 ℃, zai iya jure wa yanayi mai tsauri da girgizar injiniya. Wani misali kuma shine kebul na RADOX, wanda kebul ne na musamman na makamashin rana wanda aka ƙera bisa ga ƙa'idar IEC216 ta duniya, tare da tsawon sabis na waje wanda ya ninka na kebul na roba sau 8 da kuma sau 32 na kebul na PVC. Kebul na musamman da abubuwan haɗin suna ba da juriya ga yanayi, juriya ga lalata UV da ozone, kuma suna iya tsira daga bambance-bambancen zafin jiki iri-iri. A Turai, masu fasaha sun gano cewa matakan zafin da aka auna akan rufin na iya kaiwa 100 zuwa 110°C.

4. Kayan Aikin Gudanar da Kebul
Ana amfani da kebul na DC a tashoshin wutar lantarki na hasken rana don ayyukan waje na dogon lokaci; duk da haka, saboda iyakokin gini, haɗin kebul galibi ana amfani da shi don haɗawa. Ana rarraba kayan jagorar kebul zuwa tsakiyar jan ƙarfe da tsakiyar aluminum. Kebul na tsakiyar jan ƙarfe yana da juriya mafi kyau ga iskar shaka fiye da aluminum, tsawon rai, kwanciyar hankali da aiki don zama mai kyau, ƙaramin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki da ƙananan halayen asarar wutar lantarki; a cikin gini, saboda kyakkyawan sassauci na tsakiyar jan ƙarfe, radius mai lanƙwasa da aka yarda da shi ƙarami ne, mai sauƙin lanƙwasa, bututu mai sauƙin sawa; kuma gajiyar tsakiyar jan ƙarfe, lanƙwasawa akai-akai ba shi da sauƙin karyewa, don haka yana da sauƙin haɗawa; a lokaci guda, ƙarfin injin jan ƙarfe yana da yawa, zai iya Akasin haka, kebul na tsakiyar aluminum, saboda halayen sinadarai, yana da saurin oxidation (haɓakar lantarki), kuma yana da saurin kamuwa da abubuwan da ke faruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da gazawa.

Sakamakon haka, kebul na jan ƙarfe yana da fa'idodi masu yawa a tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, musamman a fannin isar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye ga kebul na binnewa. Yana iya rage yawan haɗurra, inganta dogaro ga samar da wutar lantarki, sauƙaƙa gini da kulawa, da sauransu. Wannan shine ainihin dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da kebul na jan ƙarfe a isar da wutar lantarki ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa a China.

5. Kayan Rufin Kebul
A lokacin shigarwa, aiki, da kuma kula da tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic, kebul na iya kasancewa a ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, duwatsun da suka yi girma, tsarin rufin gefen waya masu kaifi, ko kuma a fallasa su a cikin iska; kebul ɗin yana iya jure wa tasirin waje iri-iri. Idan jaket ɗin kebul ɗin bai yi ƙarfi sosai ba, rufin kebul ɗin zai lalace, ta haka zai rage rayuwar kebul ɗin ko kuma ya haifar da gajerun da'ira, gobara, da haɗarin rauni. Masu bincike da masu fasaha na kebul sun gano cewa kayan da suka haɗu da radiation suna da ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da kafin magani. Tsarin haɗin giciye yana canza tsarin sinadarai na polymer da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jaket ɗin rufin kebul, yana canza kayan thermoplastic mai narkewa zuwa kayan elastomer mara narkewa. Haskar haɗin giciye kuma yana inganta halayen zafi, na inji, da na sinadarai na rufin kebul sosai.

Sau da yawa ana fuskantar da'irori na DC a wurare daban-daban da ba su da kyau yayin aiki, wanda ke haifar da rushewar ƙasa da kuma hana tsarin aiki yadda ya kamata. Fitar da iska, rashin samar da kebul mara kyau, rashin isasshen kayan rufi, rashin isasshen aikin rufi, tsufar rufin tsarin DC, da kuma kasancewar wasu takamaiman lahani duk na iya haifar da rushewar ƙasa ko zama haɗarin rushewar ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin waje, ƙananan mamayewar dabbobi, ko cizo duk suna haifar da matsalolin rushewar DC. Sakamakon haka, a wannan yanayin, galibi ana yi wa murfin kebul sulke da wani abu mai hana beraye.