Chiyambi cha mawaya ndi zipangizo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa (PV) kupanga magetsi kukufalikira kwambiri, komanso kukula mwachangu, pakupanga magetsi a photovoltaic, kuwonjezera pa zida zazikulu, monga ma module a photovoltaic, ma inverter, ma transformer owonjezera, kuwonjezera pa kuthandizira kulumikizana kwa zipangizo za photovoltaic cable pa phindu lonse la chomera cha photovoltaic, chitetezo cha ntchito, kaya ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kumachitanso gawo lofunika kwambiri. Zotsatirazi ndi chidule chathunthu cha zingwe ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a PV, komanso momwe zimakhudzira chilengedwe.

Malinga ndi dongosolo la magetsi a PV, zingwe zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu a zingwe za DC ndi zingwe za AC, ndipo zimagawidwa motere kutengera zolinga zosiyanasiyana ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito:

1. Chingwe cha DC
(1). Zingwe zotsatizana zimalumikiza ma module ku ma module.
(2). Pakati pa zingwe ndi zingwe zawo ndi bokosi logawa la DC (bokosi lolumikizira) kudzera pa kulumikizana kofanana.
(3). Lumikizani chingwe pakati pa bokosi logawa la DC ndi inverter.

Zingwe zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi zingwe za DC, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka ku chinyezi, zotetezeka ku dzuwa, kuzizira, kutentha, ndi kuwala kwa UV. Nthawi zina, asidi, alkali, ndi mankhwala ena ayeneranso kupewedwa.

2. Chingwe cha AC
(1). Lumikizani inverter ku transformer yokwera pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe.
(2). Chingwe cholumikizira transformer yokwera pamwamba ku gawo logawa magetsi.
(3). Gawo logawa la gridi kapena chingwe cholumikizira cha wogwiritsa ntchito.

Gawo ili la chingwe ndi la chingwe chonyamula katundu cha AC, chomwe chimayikidwa mkati motsatira miyezo yonse yosankha chingwe chamagetsi.

3. Chingwe chapadera cha photovoltaic
Zingwe zambiri za DC ziyenera kuyikidwa panja ngati nyengo siili bwino, motero chingwecho chiyenera kukhala cholimba ku kuwala kwa UV, ozoni, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Zingwe wamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo kwa nthawi yayitali zidzafooketsa chingwe cha chingwe ndikusungunula gawo loteteza. Izi sizingowononga makina a chingwe nthawi yomweyo, komanso zidzawonjezera mwayi woti chingwecho chizimitsidwe, komanso kuthekera kwa moto kapena kuvulala kwa ogwira ntchito pakapita nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa ntchito ya chipangizocho.

Motero, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe ndi zigawo zina za PV m'mafakitale amagetsi a PV n'kofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa makampani opanga mphamvu ya dzuwa, msika wa zigawo zothandizira mphamvu ya photovoltaic wakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pankhani ya zingwe, miyezo yosiyanasiyana yapangidwa pazinthu zapadera za chingwe cha photovoltaic. Chingwe cholumikizira cha electron beam chomwe chapangidwa posachedwapa, chomwe chili ndi mphamvu ya 120 ℃, chimatha kupirira nyengo yovuta komanso kugwedezeka kwa makina. Chitsanzo china ndi chingwe cha RADOX, chomwe ndi chingwe chapadera cha mphamvu ya dzuwa chomwe chapangidwa mogwirizana ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse wa IEC216, chokhala ndi moyo wautumiki wakunja womwe ndi nthawi 8 kuposa zingwe za rabara ndi nthawi 32 kuposa zingwe za PVC. Zingwe zapadera za photovoltaic ndi zigawo zake zimapereka kukana kwabwino kwa nyengo, kukana kukokoloka kwa UV ndi ozoni, ndipo zimatha kupulumuka kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Ku Europe, akatswiri adapeza kuti kutentha komwe kumayesedwa padenga kumatha kufika 100 mpaka 110°C.

4. Zipangizo Zoyendetsera Chingwe
Zingwe za DC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa kuti zigwire ntchito panja kwa nthawi yayitali; komabe, chifukwa cha malire a zomangamanga, kulumikizana kwa zingwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikizira. Zipangizo zoyendetsera zingwe zimagawidwa m'magulu a copper core ndi aluminium core. Copper core cable ili ndi kukana kwa okosijeni kuposa aluminiyamu, imakhala nthawi yayitali, imakhala yolimba komanso imagwira ntchito bwino, imataya mphamvu pang'ono komanso mphamvu zochepa; pomanga, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa copper core, radius yololedwa yopindika ndi yaying'ono, yosavuta kupindika, yosavuta kuvala chitoliro; ndipo kutopa kwa copper core, kupindika mobwerezabwereza sikophweka kusweka, ndikosavuta kulumikiza; nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yamakina ya copper core ndi yayikulu, imatha. M'malo mwake, chingwe cha aluminiyamu core, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake a mankhwala, chimakhala ndi okosijeni (electrochemical reaction), ndipo chimakonda kwambiri kuchitika zinthu zina, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera.

Motero, zingwe zamkuwa zimakhala ndi ubwino waukulu pamagetsi a dzuwa, makamaka pankhani yopereka mphamvu ya chingwe m'manda mwachindunji. Zingathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ngozi, kuonjezera kudalirika kwa magetsi, kupangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ndi kukonza ikhale yosavuta, ndi zina zotero. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zingwe zamkuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popereka mphamvu ya chingwe pansi pa nthaka ku China.

5. Zipangizo Zotetezera Chingwe
Pa nthawi yokhazikitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukonza malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic, chingwecho chikhoza kukhala pansi pa nthaka, miyala yokulirapo, kapangidwe ka denga la m'mphepete mwa mawaya, kapena kuwonetsedwa mumlengalenga; chingwecho chikhoza kupirira zovuta zosiyanasiyana zakunja. Ngati jekete la chingwe silili lamphamvu mokwanira, chotetezera chingwecho chidzawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chingwecho chikhale cholimba kapena kuyambitsa ma circuits afupikitsa, moto, ndi zoopsa zovulala. Ofufuza ndi akatswiri a chingwe adapeza kuti zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi radiation zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakaniko kuposa kale. Njira yolumikizirana imasintha kapangidwe ka mankhwala a polima yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu jekete la chingwe, kusintha zinthu za fusible thermoplastic kukhala zinthu zosasinthika za elastomer. Crosslinking radiation imathandizanso kwambiri kutentha, makina, ndi mankhwala a chotetezera chingwe.

Ma circuit a DC nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isagwire bwino ntchito komanso kulepheretsa makinawo kugwira ntchito bwino. Kutulutsa, kupanga chingwe molakwika, zipangizo zosakwanira zotetezera kutentha, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa makina otetezera kutentha, kukalamba kwa makina otetezera kutentha, komanso kuwonongeka kwina kulikonse kungayambitse nthaka kapena kukhala ngozi yoteteza kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, nyengo yakunja, kulowa kwa nyama zazing'ono, kapena kuluma zonse zimabweretsa mavuto a nthaka ya DC. Chifukwa chake, pankhaniyi, chingwe cha chingwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chinthu choteteza makoswe.