Intshayelelo kwiingcingo ezidumileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwizibonelelo zamandla e-photovoltaic

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga (i-PV) kuyanda, kuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwinkqubo yokwakha izityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic, ukongeza kwizixhobo eziphambili, ezifana neemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, ii-inverters, ii-step-up transformers, ukongeza ekuxhaseni uqhagamshelo lwezinto zekhebula ze-photovoltaic kwinzuzo iyonke yesityalo samandla se-photovoltaic, ukhuseleko lokusebenza, nokuba lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani, nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo esipheleleyo seentambo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo zamandla ze-PV, kunye nempembelelo yazo kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ngokwenkqubo yezityalo zamandla ze-PV, iintambo zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintambo ze-DC kunye neentambo ze-AC, kwaye zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo ngokusekelwe kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa:

1. Intambo yeDC
(1). Iintambo ezilandelelanayo zidibanisa iimodyuli kwiimodyuli.
(2). Phakathi kweentambo kunye neentambo zazo kunye nebhokisi yokusasazwa kweDC (ibhokisi yokudibanisa) ngoqhagamshelo oluhambelanayo.
(3). Qhagamshela intambo phakathi kwebhokisi yokusasazwa kweDC kunye ne-inverter.

Ezi ntambo zidweliswe apha ngasentla ziintambo zeDC, ekufuneka zingabi namanzi, zimelane nokukhanya kwelanga, ingqele, ubushushu, kunye nemitha ye-UV. Kwezinye iimeko, i-asidi, i-alkali, kunye nezinye izinto zeekhemikhali nazo kufuneka ziphetshwe.

2. Intambo ye-AC
(1). Qhagamshela i-inverter kwi-transformer ye-step-up usebenzisa intambo.
(2). Intambo edibanisa i-step-up transformer kwiyunithi yokusasaza umbane.
(3). Iyunithi yokusasaza igridi okanye intambo yoqhagamshelo lomsebenzisi.

Eli candelo lentambo lenzelwe intambo yomthwalo we-AC, ebekwe kwindawo yangaphakathi ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yokukhetha intambo yombane ngokubanzi.

3. Intambo ekhethekileyo ye-Photovoltaic
Inani elikhulu leentambo ze-DC kufuneka zifakwe ngaphandle kwiimeko zemozulu ezimbi, ngoko ke izinto zentambo kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nemitha ye-UV, i-ozone, utshintsho olukhulu kubushushu, kunye nokukhukuliseka kweekhemikhali. Iintambo eziqhelekileyo zezinto ezisetyenziswa kule ndawo ixesha elide ziya kwenza buthathaka isheya yentambo kwaye zide zinyibilikise umaleko wobushushu. Ezi meko aziyi konakalisa inkqubo yentambo ngoko nangoko, kodwa ziya kwandisa nethuba lokushenxisa intambo, kunye namathuba omlilo okanye ukwenzakala kwabasebenzi kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide, okunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yenkqubo kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kweentambo kunye neenxalenye ezithile ze-PV kwizikhululo zamandla ze-PV kubalulekile. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kweshishini lelanga, imakethi yeenxalenye ezixhasa i-photovoltaic iye yanda kancinci kancinci, kwaye ngokweentambo, uluhlu lwemigangatho luye lwenziwa kwiimpahla zeentambo ezikhethekileyo ze-photovoltaic. Intambo edibanisa i-electron beam crosslinking esandula ukwenziwa, elinganiswe kwi-120 ℃, inokumelana neemeko ezinzima zemozulu kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini. Omnye umzekelo yintambo ye-RADOX, eyintambo ekhethekileyo yamandla elanga eyenzelwe ngokuhambelana nomgangatho wehlabathi we-IEC216, enobomi benkonzo yangaphandle obuphindwe kasibhozo kuneentambo zerabha kunye namaxesha angama-32 kuneentambo ze-PVC. Iintambo ezikhethekileyo ze-photovoltaic kunye neenxalenye zibonelela ngokumelana okuphezulu kwemozulu, ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwe-UV kunye ne-ozone, kwaye zinokusinda kuluhlu olubanzi lotshintsho lobushushu. EYurophu, iingcali zifumanise ukuba amanqanaba obushushu alinganiswa eluphahleni anokufikelela kwi-100 ukuya kwi-110°C.

4. Izixhobo zomqhubi wentambo
Iintambo zeDC zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla elanga kwimisebenzi yangaphandle yexesha elide; nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemida yokwakha, uqhagamshelo lweentambo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizihlanganisi. Izixhobo zomqhubi weentambo zahlulwe zibe yi-copper core kunye ne-aluminium core. Intambo ye-copper core inokumelana okungcono kwe-oxidation kune-aluminium, ubomi obude, uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukwehla kwe-voltage encinci kunye neempawu zokulahleka kwamandla amancinci; ekwakheni, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuhle kwe-copper core, i-radius evumelekileyo yokugoba incinci, kulula ukuyigoba, kulula ukuyinxiba ipayipi; kwaye ukudinwa kwe-copper core, ukugoba okuphindaphindiweyo akulula ukuqhekeka, kulula ukuyidibanisa; kwangaxeshanye, amandla oomatshini e-copper core aphezulu, i-can. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-aluminium core cable, ngenxa yeempawu zayo zeekhemikhali, ithambekele kwi-oxidation (i-electrochemical reaction), kwaye ithambekele kakhulu kwi-creep phenomena, enokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli.

Ngenxa yoko, iintambo zobhedu zineengenelo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga, ingakumbi kwicandelo lokuhanjiswa kombane wentambo yokungcwaba ngokuthe ngqo. Zinokunciphisa inani leengozi, ziphucule ukuthembeka kombane, zenze kube lula ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwazo, njalo njalo. Yiyo kanye le nto intambo yobhedu isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kombane wentambo phantsi komhlaba eTshayina.

5. Izixhobo zokuvala iCable
Ngexesha lokufakelwa, ukusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa kwesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic, intambo isenokuba semhlabeni phantsi komhlaba, amatye akhule kakhulu, isakhiwo sophahla lwemiphetho ebukhali yentambo, okanye ivezwe emoyeni; intambo inokuthi inyamezele iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempembelelo zangaphandle. Ukuba ijakethi yentambo ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo, i-insulation yentambo iya konakala, ngaloo ndlela ifinyeze ubomi bentambo okanye ibangele ii-short circuits, imililo, kunye neengozi zokwenzakala. Abaphandi beentambo kunye neengcali bafumanise ukuba izinto ezidityaniswe nemitha zinamandla aphezulu oomatshini kunangaphambi konyango. Inkqubo yokudibanisa itshintsha ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali zepolymer esetyenziswa kwizinto zejakethi ye-insulation yentambo, iguqula izinto ze-thermoplastic ezifusible zibe zizinto ze-elastomer ezingezizo ezifusible. I-Crosslinking radiation ikwaphucula kakhulu iipropati zobushushu, zoomatshini, kunye neekhemikhali ze-insulation yentambo.

Iisekethe zeDC zihlala zichatshazelwa ziimeko ezahlukeneyo ezingathandekiyo ngexesha lokusebenza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inkqubo ihlale phantsi komhlaba kwaye ithintele ukuba isebenze kakuhle. Ukukhupha i-extrusion, ukuveliswa kwentambo okungekho semgangathweni, izixhobo zokugquma ezinganeleyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugquma, ukuguga kokugquma kwenkqubo yeDC, kunye nokubakho kweziphene ezithile zomonakalo kunokubangela ukugquma komhlaba okanye kube yingozi yokugquma komhlaba. Ngaphezu koko, imozulu yangaphandle, ukuhlasela kwezilwanyana ezincinci, okanye ukuluma konke oku kuya kubangela iingxaki zokugquma komhlaba zeDC. Ngenxa yoko, kule meko, i-cable sheath idla ngokugqunywa ngento engangeni ziimpuku.