Uretse ibikoresho by'ingenzi, nka modules za photovoltaic, inverters, na transformers zifasha guhuza ibikoresho bya photovoltaic ku ruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa photovoltaic, inyungu rusange y'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umutekano, yaba ikora neza, nabyo bigira uruhare runini.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV) ririmo gukwirakwira cyane, iterambere ryihuse, mu iyubakwa ry'inganda zitanga ingufu za photovoltaic, hiyongereyeho ibikoresho by'ingenzi, nka modules za photovoltaic, inverters, transformers, hiyongereyeho gushyigikira guhuza ibikoresho bya photovoltaic ku nyungu rusange z'uruganda rutanga ingufu za photovoltaic, umutekano mu mikorere, haba imikorere myiza, nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Ibi bikurikira ni incamake yuzuye y'insinga n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu nganda zitanga ingufu za PV, ndetse n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV) ririmo gukwirakwira cyane, iterambere ryihuse, mu iyubakwa ry'inganda zitanga ingufu za photovoltaic, hiyongereyeho ibikoresho by'ingenzi, nka modules za photovoltaic, inverters, transformers, hiyongereyeho gushyigikira guhuza ibikoresho bya photovoltaic ku nyungu rusange z'uruganda rutanga ingufu za photovoltaic, umutekano mu mikorere, haba imikorere myiza, nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Ibi bikurikira ni incamake yuzuye y'insinga n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu nganda zitanga ingufu za PV, ndetse n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije.
Dukurikije uburyo bw'inganda z'amashanyarazi za PV, insinga zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro by'insinga za DC n'insinga za AC, kandi zishyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira hashingiwe ku ntego zitandukanye n'ibidukikije zikoreshwamo:
1. Insinga ya DC
(1). Insinga z'uruhererekane zihuza modules na modules.
(2). Hagati y'imigozi n'imigozi yayo n'agasanduku k'itumanaho ka DC (agasanduku k'itumanaho) binyuze mu guhuza ibintu kuri parallel.
(3). Huza insinga hagati y'agasanduku ko gukwirakwiza DC n'icyuma gihindura inverter.
Insinga zavuzwe haruguru ni insinga za DC, zigomba kuba zirinda ubushuhe, zirwanya izuba, ubukonje, ubushyuhe n'imirasire ya UV. Hari ubwo kandi, aside, alkali n'ibindi bintu bya shimi bigomba kwirindwa.
2. Insinga ya AC
(1). Huza inverter kuri transformer igenda izamuka ukoresheje insinga.
(2). Insinga ihuza transformateur izamuka n'icyuma gikwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
(3). Igice cyo gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga cyangwa insinga yo guhuza umukoresha.
Iki gice cy'insinga ni icy'insinga ya AC, ishyirwa mu nzu hakurikijwe amabwiriza rusange yo guhitamo insinga z'amashanyarazi.
3. Insinga yihariye ya photovoltaic
Umubare munini w'insinga za DC zigomba gushyirwa hanze mu gihe cy'ikirere kibi, bityo ibikoresho by'insinga bigomba kuba birwanya imirasire ya UV, ozone, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bukabije, ndetse n'isuri ya shimi. Insinga zisanzwe zikoreshwa muri iki gihe kirekire zizaca intege icyuma cy'insinga ndetse zikanasesa urwego rw'ubushyuhe. Izi ngaruka ntizizahita zangiza sisitemu y'insinga gusa, ahubwo zizongera amahirwe yo kugabanya umuyoboro w'insinga, ndetse n'amahirwe yo gutwika insinga cyangwa gukomeretsa abakozi mu gihe giciriritse kugeza igihe kirekire, bigabanya cyane igihe cy'akazi ka sisitemu.
Bityo, ikoreshwa ry'insinga n'ibice byihariye bya PV mu nganda z'amashanyarazi za PV ni ingenzi cyane. Bitewe n'iterambere rikomeje ry'inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, isoko ry'ibice bishyigikira imirasire y'izuba ryagiye rizamuka buhoro buhoro, kandi ku bijyanye n'insinga, hakozwe ibipimo bitandukanye ku bikoresho byihariye bya mirasire y'izuba. Insinga zihuza imirasire y'izuba ziherutse gukorwa vuba aha, zifite ubushyuhe bwa 120 ℃, zishobora kwihanganira ibihe bikomeye by'ikirere ndetse n'ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi. Urundi rugero ni insinga ya RADOX, ari yo nsinga yihariye y'ingufu z'izuba yakozwe hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga ya IEC216, ifite ubuzima bwo hanze bungana n'inshuro 8 z'insinga za rubber n'inshuro 32 z'insinga za PVC. Insinga n'ibice byihariye bya mirasire y'izuba bitanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'ikirere, ubudahangarwa ku mirasire ya UV na ozone, kandi zishobora kwihanganira ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Mu Burayi, abahanga mu bya tekiniki bavumbuye ko ubushyuhe bupimwe ku gisenge bushobora kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 100 kugeza 110.
4. Ibikoresho bya Konvoyeri y'Insinga
Insinga za DC zikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu bikorwa by'igihe kirekire byo hanze; icyakora, bitewe n'aho inyubako zigarukira, imiyoboro y'insinga ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza insinga. Ibikoresho by'umuyoboro w'insinga bishyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: umuringa n'umuyoboro wa aluminiyumu. Insinga y'umuringa ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ogisijeni kurusha aluminiyumu, imara igihe kirekire, ihamye kandi ikora neza, igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi make n'imiterere mito yo gutakaza ingufu; mu bwubatsi, bitewe n'uburyo umuringa ugenda woroha, umuyoboro wemewe wo kugonda ni muto, woroshye kugonda, woroshye kwambara; kandi umunaniro w'umuringa, gukonja kenshi ntabwo byoroshye kuvunika, byoroshye guhuza; icyarimwe, imbaraga z'icyuma cy'umuringa ni nyinshi, bishobora. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, insinga y'umuringa, bitewe n'imiterere yayo ya shimi, ikunze kugonda ogisijeni (reaction ya electrochemical), kandi ikunze kwibasirwa cyane n'ibintu bishobora gutuma inanirwa.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, insinga z'umuringa zifite akamaro gakomeye mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no gutanga amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye. Bishobora kugabanya umubare w'impanuka, kongera uburyo amashanyarazi atangwa, koroshya imirimo yo kubaka no kubungabunga, n'ibindi. Iyi ni yo mpamvu insinga z'umuringa zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga amashanyarazi mu butaka mu Bushinwa.
5. Ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga
Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, gukoresha no kubungabunga uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa photovoltaic, insinga ishobora kuba iri mu butaka munsi y'ubutaka, amabuye yarengeye, imiterere y'igisenge cy'insinga zityaye, cyangwa igashyirwa mu kirere; insinga ishobora kwihanganira ingaruka zitandukanye zo hanze. Iyo ikoti ry'insinga ridafite imbaraga zihagije, insinga zizangirika, bityo zikagabanya igihe cy'insinga cyangwa bigatera imiyoboro migufi, inkongi z'umuriro, ndetse n'ibyago byo gukomeretsa. Abashakashatsi n'abatekinisiye bavumbuye ko ibikoresho bifitanye isano n'imirasire bifite imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike kurusha mbere y'uko bikorwa. Uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere buhindura imiterere ya shimi ya polymer ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya mekanike, bigahindura ibikoresho bya thermoplastic bihinduka ibikoresho bitavanze bya elastomer. Imirasire ihuza imiterere ya mekanike yongera cyane imiterere y'ubushyuhe, mekanike, na shimi bya mekanike.
Imiyoboro ya DC ikunze guhura n'ibintu bitandukanye bibi mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa, bigatuma sisitemu idakora neza. Gusohora insinga, gukora nabi kw'insinga, ibikoresho bidahagije byo gukingira, ubushobozi buke bwo gukingira, gusaza kw'insinga za DC, no kuba hari amakosa yangiritse bishobora gutera gukingira cyangwa bikaba akaga ko gukingira. Byongeye kandi, ikirere cyo hanze, inyamaswa nto zinjira, cyangwa kurumwa byose bizagira ibibazo byo gukingira DC. Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri iki gihe, insinga muri rusange irakingirwa n'ibintu bidashobora kwibasirwa n'imbeba.
