1. Bayani
Fasahar adana makamashi za a iya rarraba ta cikin manyan fannoni na ajiya da kuma adana sinadarai. Ajiyar zahiri ta haɗa da fasahohi kamar ajiyar ruwa da aka yi da famfo, iska mai matsewa, ajiyar ƙafafun tashi, ajiyar nauyi, da ajiyar canjin lokaci. Ajiyar sinadarai ta haɗa da batirin lithium-ion, batirin kwarara, batirin sodium-ion, da fasahar adana hydrogen (ammonia).
Sabuwar ajiyar makamashi tana nufin fasahar ajiya wadda galibi ke fitar da wutar lantarki, ban da ajiyar ruwa da aka yi da famfo. Idan aka kwatanta da ajiyar ruwa da aka yi da famfo, sabbin fasahar ajiyar makamashi suna ba da wurin zama mai sassauƙa, gajerun lokutan gini, amsawa cikin sauri, da halaye daban-daban na aiki.
Ana amfani da sabbin fasahohin adana makamashi sosai a sassa daban-daban na tsarin wutar lantarki, wanda hakan ke canza halayen aiki na tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya sosai. Sun zama muhimman wurare don ingantaccen aiki, kwanciyar hankali, da tattalin arziki na tsarin wutar lantarki.
2. Ajiyar Makamashi ta Inji
Ajiyar makamashin inji galibi ta ƙunshi ajiyar makamashin iska mai matsa lamba da kuma ajiyar makamashin tashi.
Ajiyar Makamashin Iska Mai Matsewa (CAES): CAES tana amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa a lokacin ƙarancin buƙata don matse iska, wanda ake adanawa sannan a sake shi a lokacin lokacin da ake buƙatar wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar tuƙa injin turbin iska. CAES ta dace da manyan aikace-aikace kamar gonakin iska saboda iyawarta ta aske kololuwa amma tana buƙatar takamaiman yanayi na ƙasa.
Ajiye Makamashin Flywheel: Wannan hanyar tana amfani da makamashin lantarki don hanzarta rotor da aka sanya a cikin injin tsabtace iska, yana canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin motsi don ajiya. Ajiye makamashin Flywheel yana da alaƙa da ɗan gajeren lokacin fitarwa da ƙananan ƙarfin aiki, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikace kamar samar da wutar lantarki mara katsewa (UPS) da daidaita mita. Duk da haka, yawan kuzarinsa yana da ƙasa kaɗan, yana riƙe da ƙarfi na 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan zuwa mintuna.
3. Ajiyar Makamashin Lantarki
Ajiyar makamashin lantarki wani fanni ne mai muhimmanci wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan batura daban-daban:
Batirin Lithium-Ion: Fasahar adana lantarki mafi girma da amfani, wacce a halin yanzu take cikin babban tsari kuma tana da saurin girma da kuma mafi girman kaso a kasuwa.
Batirin Gubar-Acid: Waɗannan batura suna da electrodes da aka yi da gubar da oxides ɗinta tare da sulfuric acid electrolyte. Fasaha ce mai girma wacce take da aiki mai kyau amma tana fama da dogon lokacin caji, gurɓataccen iska, da kuma gajeriyar rayuwa.
Batirin Gudun Ruwa: Har yanzu suna cikin matakin gwaji, ana iya rarraba batirin kwarara bisa ga tsarin electrolyte ɗinsu zuwa batirin vanadium redox flow, batirin zinc-iron flow, batirin zinc-bromine flow, da batirin iron-chromium flow. Batirin Vanadium redox flow sune aka fi tallatawa, yayin da sauran kuma ke ci gaba da haɓaka masana'antu.
Batirin Sodium-Ion: Waɗannan batura suna amfani da haɗakar ions na sodium tsakanin anode da cathode don caji da fitar da su. Fasahar Sodium-ion har yanzu tana gwaji, tana ci gaba da bincike da gwaji.
4. Ajiyar Makamashin Lantarki
Ajiyar makamashin lantarki ta haɗa da ajiyar makamashin maganadisu mai ƙarfi (SMES) da ajiyar makamashin supercapacitor, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitarwa cikin sauri da ƙarfi mai yawa.
Ma'ajiyar Makamashi Mai Sarrafa Wutar Lantarki (SMES): Tana adana makamashin lantarki a cikin filin maganadisu mai ƙarfin caji/fitarwa da sauri da kuma yawan wutar lantarki mai yawa. Duk da kasancewar samfuran SMES masu ƙarancin zafi da zafi na kasuwanci, aikace-aikacen su a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki ya kasance mai iyaka saboda tsada mai yawa da kuma kulawa mai sarkakiya na kayan superconductors, wanda hakan ke sa su kasance cikin matakin gwaji.
Supercapacitors: Ajiye makamashin lantarki ta amfani da ƙa'idodin electrostatic, tare da ƙarancin juriya ga kayan dielectric. Saboda haka, supercapacitors suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin adana makamashi, ƙarancin yawan makamashi, da kuma babban kuɗin saka hannun jari.
5. Ajiyar Makamashin Sinadarai
Ajiye makamashin sinadarai galibi yana nufin fasahar adana hydrogen. Waɗannan suna canza wutar lantarki ta lokaci-lokaci ko ta wuce gona da iri zuwa hydrogen ta hanyar electrolysis don ajiya, wanda za'a iya mayar da shi wutar lantarki ta amfani da ƙwayoyin mai ko wasu na'urorin samarwa idan ana buƙata.
A cewar "Binciken Hanyar Ci Gaban Tashoshin Aski na Ajiyar Hydrogen Energy" na Polaris, ingancin samar da wutar lantarki na tsarin ƙwayoyin mai na hydrogen a halin yanzu yana da kusan kashi 45%. Idan aka yi la'akari da asarar makamashi yayin amfani da electrolysis na ruwa, ingancin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hydrogen shine kusan kashi 35%. Inganta ingancin canza makamashi babban ƙalubale ne, kuma ci gaban masana'antu na ajiyar makamashin hydrogen yana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo.
