1. ʻIke laulā
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ka ʻenehana mālama ikehu i ka mālama kino a me ka mālama kemika. Hoʻokomo pū ka mālama kino i nā ʻenehana e like me ka mālama wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka mālama flywheel, ka mālama umekaumaha, a me ka mālama hoʻololi pae. Hoʻokomo pū ka mālama kemika i nā pila lithium-ion, nā pila kahe, nā pila sodium-ion, a me nā ʻenehana mālama hydrogen (ammonia).
ʻO ka mālama ikehu hou e pili ana i nā ʻenehana mālama e hoʻopuka nui i ka mana uila, koe naʻe ka mālama wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mālama wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hāʻawi nā ʻenehana mālama ikehu hou i kahi noho maʻalahi, nā wā kūkulu pōkole, ka pane wikiwiki, a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻenehana mālama ikehu hou ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana mana, e hoʻololi nui ana i nā ʻano hana o nā ʻōnaehana mana kuʻuna. Ua lilo lākou i mau pono koʻikoʻi no ka hana palekana, paʻa, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻōnaehana mana.
2. Ka Waihona Ikehu Mekanika
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu mīkini e komo pū ana me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu flywheel.
Ka Mālama Ikehu Ea i Hoʻopaʻa ʻia (CAES): Hoʻohana ʻo CAES i ka uila keu i nā wā koi haʻahaʻa e hoʻopaʻa i ka ea, kahi i mālama ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma hope i nā wā koi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoulu i ka mana ma ka hoʻokele ʻana i kahi turbine kinoea. He kūpono ʻo CAES no nā noi nui e like me nā mahi makani ma muli o kona hiki ke ʻokiʻoki kiʻekiʻe akā koi i nā kūlana ʻāina kikoʻī.
Ka Mālama ʻana i ka Ikehu Flywheel: Hoʻohana kēia ʻano hana i ka ikehu uila e hoʻolalelale i kahi rotor i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi vacuum, e hoʻololi ana i ka ikehu uila i ikehu kinetic no ka mālama ʻana. Hōʻike ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu Flywheel e nā lōʻihi hoʻokuʻu pōkole a me nā mana liʻiliʻi, e kūpono ana no nā noi e like me nā lako mana hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia (UPS) a me ka hoʻoponopono alapine. Eia nō naʻe, haʻahaʻa kona nui ikehu, e hoʻomau ana i ka mana no kekahi mau kekona a i ʻole mau minuke.
3. Ka Mālama ʻana i ka Ikehu Electrochemical
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu electrochemical kahi kahua koʻikoʻi e komo pū ana me nā ʻano pila like ʻole:
Nā Pākahi Lithium-Ion: ʻO ka ʻenehana mālama electrochemical i oʻo loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia, i kēia manawa i ka hana nui ʻana a me ka ulu wikiwiki loa a me ka māhele mākeke kiʻekiʻe loa.
Nā Pākahi Lead-Acid: Loaʻa i kēia mau pākahi nā electrodes i hana nui ʻia me ke kēpau a me kāna mau oxides me kahi electrolyte sulfuric acid. He ʻenehana paʻa lākou me ka hana paʻa akā ʻeha lākou i nā manawa hoʻouka lōʻihi, ka haumia kiʻekiʻe, a me ke ola pōkole.
Nā Pila Kahe: Aia nō i ke kahua hoʻohana hōʻike, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pila kahe ma muli o kā lākou ʻōnaehana electrolyte i nā pila kahe vanadium redox, nā pila kahe zinc-iron, nā pila kahe zinc-bromine, a me nā pila kahe hao-chromium. ʻO nā pila kahe vanadium redox ka mea i kālepa nui ʻia, ʻoiai ke wikiwiki nei nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻoihana.
Nā Pākahi Sodium-Ion: Hoʻohana kēia mau pākahi i ka intercalation a me ka deintercalation o nā ions sodium ma waena o ka anode a me ka cathode no ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka ʻenehana sodium-ion, e hana hou ʻia ana no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
4. Ka Waihona Ikehu Uila
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu electromagnetic e komo pū ana me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu magnetic superconducting (SMES) a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu supercapacitor, kūpono no nā noi e pono ai ka hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe.
Mālama Ikehu Magnetic Superconducting (SMES): Mālama i ka ikehu uila i loko o kahi kahua magnetic me nā hiki ke hoʻouka/hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki a me ka nui o ka mana. ʻOiai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana SMES haʻahaʻa wela a me nā huahana SMES wela kiʻekiʻe, ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūnaewele mana ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama paʻakikī o nā mea superconducting, e mālama ana iā lākou i ka pae hoʻokolohua.
Nā Supercapacitors: E mālama i ka ikehu uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loina electrostatic, me ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka voltage o ka mea dielectric. No laila, he palena ko nā supercapacitors i ka mālama ikehu, haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka ikehu, a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kiʻekiʻe.
5. Ka Mālama ʻana i ka Ikehu Kemika
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kemika e pili ana i nā ʻenehana mālama hydrogen. Hoʻololi kēia i ka uila intermittent a i ʻole keu i hydrogen ma o ka electrolysis no ka mālama ʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia i mana uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cell wahie a i ʻole nā mea hana ʻē aʻe ke pono.
Wahi a ka "Development Path Research of Hydrogen Energy Storage Peak Shaving Stations" na Polaris, ʻo ka pono hana mana o kēia manawa o nā ʻōnaehana cell wahie hydrogen ma kahi o 45%. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka nalowale o ka ikehu i ka wā o ka electrolysis wai, ʻo ka pono holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana o ka hana mana mālama hydrogen ma kahi o 35%. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono hoʻololi ikehu he pilikia koʻikoʻi ia, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana nui o ka mālama ikehu hydrogen e pono ai ka manawa nui.
