1. Chidule
Ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu monga kusungirako zinthu zakuthupi ndi kusungiramo mankhwala. Kusungirako zinthu zakuthupi kumaphatikizapo ukadaulo monga kusungirako madzi kopompedwa, mpweya wopanikizika, kusungirako mawilo othamanga, kusungirako mphamvu yokoka, ndi kusungirako kusintha kwa gawo. Kusungirako zinthu zamagetsi kumaphatikizapo mabatire a lithiamu-ion, mabatire oyenda, mabatire a sodium-ion, ndi ukadaulo wosungiramo hydrogen (ammonia).
Kusungira mphamvu zatsopano kumatanthauza ukadaulo wosungira womwe umatulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi, kupatula malo osungira madzi opompedwa. Poyerekeza ndi malo osungira madzi opompedwa, ukadaulo watsopano wosungira mphamvu umapereka malo osinthika, nthawi yochepa yomanga, yankho mwachangu, komanso magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana.
Ukadaulo watsopano wosungira mphamvu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a makina amagetsi, zomwe zikusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a makina amagetsi akale. Akhala malo ofunikira kwambiri kuti makina amagetsi azigwira ntchito bwino, mokhazikika, komanso mopanda ndalama.
2. Kusungirako Mphamvu Zamakina
Kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi kumaphatikizapo makamaka kusungira mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi kusungira mphamvu ya flywheel.
Kusungira Mphamvu ya Mpweya Wopanikizika (CAES): CAES imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo panthawi yomwe mpweya ukufunika pang'ono kuti ikanikize mpweya, womwe umasungidwa kenako nkutulutsidwa panthawi yomwe mpweya ukufunika kwambiri kuti upange mphamvu poyendetsa turbine ya gasi. CAES ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazikuluzikulu monga minda yamphepo chifukwa cha luso lake lometa ubweya kwambiri koma imafuna malo enaake.
Kusungira Mphamvu ya Flywheel: Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ifulumizitse rotor yomwe imayikidwa mu vacuum, kusintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic kuti isungidwe. Kusungira mphamvu ya Flywheel kumadziwika ndi nthawi yochepa yotulutsa mphamvu komanso mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga magetsi osasinthika (UPS) ndi frequency regulation. Komabe, mphamvu zake zimakhala zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zake zikhale zokhazikika kwa masekondi ochepa mpaka mphindi zochepa.
3. Kusungirako Mphamvu Zamagetsi
Kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire:
Mabatire a Lithium-Ion: Ukadaulo wosungiramo zinthu zamagetsi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima kwambiri, womwe ukuchitika pakali pano ndi waukulu kwambiri komanso womwe ukukula mwachangu komanso uli ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika.
Mabatire a Lead-Acid: Mabatirewa ali ndi ma electrode opangidwa makamaka ndi lead ndi ma oxide ake okhala ndi sulfuric acid electrolyte. Ndi ukadaulo wokhwima wokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika koma amavutika ndi nthawi yayitali yochaja, kuipitsa mpweya kwambiri, komanso moyo wautali.
Mabatire Oyenda: Akadali mu gawo lowonetsera, mabatire oyenda akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu kutengera makina awo a electrolyte m'mabatire a vanadium redox flow, mabatire oyenda a zinc-iron flow, mabatire oyenda a zinc-bromine flow, ndi mabatire oyenda a iron-chromium. Mabatire oyenda a vanadium redox flow ndi omwe amagulitsidwa kwambiri, pomwe ena akuchulukirachulukira kupita ku mafakitale.
Mabatire a Sodium-Ion: Mabatirewa amagwiritsa ntchito kusakanikirana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ma ayoni a sodium pakati pa anode ndi cathode pochaji ndi kutulutsa. Ukadaulo wa sodium-ion ukadali woyeserera, ukufufuzidwa ndi kuyesedwa kwina.
4. Kusungirako Mphamvu ya Magetsi
Kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi kumaphatikizapo kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi (SMES) ndi kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kutulutsa mwachangu komanso mphamvu zambiri.
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES): Imasunga mphamvu zamagetsi mu mphamvu ya maginito yokhala ndi mphamvu zochapira/kutulutsa mphamvu mwachangu komanso mphamvu zambiri. Ngakhale kuti pali zinthu za SMES zotsika kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mu ma gridi amagetsi kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera komanso kukonza kovuta kwa zinthu zochapira, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osagwira ntchito.
Ma Supercapacitors: Sungani mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zamagetsi, ndi mphamvu zochepa zopirira zinthu zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ma supercapacitors ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zosungira mphamvu, mphamvu zochepa, komanso ndalama zambiri zogulira.
5. Kusungirako Mphamvu Zamankhwala
Kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi makamaka kumatanthauza ukadaulo wosungira haidrojeni. Izi zimasintha magetsi ochulukirapo kapena ochulukirapo kukhala haidrojeni kudzera mu electrolysis kuti asungidwe, omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito maselo amafuta kapena zida zina zopangira pakafunika kutero.
Malinga ndi "Development Path Research of Hydrogen Energy Storage Peak Shaving Stations" yolembedwa ndi Polaris, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakali pano ya ma cell amafuta a hydrogen ndi pafupifupi 45%. Poganizira kutayika kwa mphamvu panthawi ya electrolysis ya madzi, mphamvu yonse yamagetsi yogwiritsira ntchito hydrogen storage ndi pafupifupi 35%. Kukonza mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu ndi vuto lalikulu, ndipo chitukuko chachikulu cha mafakitale chosungira mphamvu ya hydrogen chimafuna nthawi yambiri.
