1. Isishwankathelo
Itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla inokwahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokugcina amandla kunye neendawo zokugcina iikhemikhali. Indawo yokugcina amandla ibandakanya iiteknoloji ezifana nendawo yokugcina amanzi epomped, umoya ocinezelweyo, indawo yokugcina iflywheel, indawo yokugcina amandla angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nendawo yokugcina utshintsho lwesigaba. Indawo yokugcina iikhemikhali ibandakanya iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri zokuhamba kwamanzi, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion, kunye neetekhnoloji zokugcina i-hydrogen (ammonia).
Ugcino lwamandla amatsha lubhekisa kwiiteknoloji zokugcina ezivelisa amandla ombane, ngaphandle kogcino lwamanzi olupompelweyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nogcino lwamanzi olupompelweyo, iiteknoloji zokugcina amandla amatsha zibonelela ngeendawo eziguquguqukayo, amaxesha okwakha amafutshane, impendulo ekhawulezileyo, kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Iitekhnoloji ezintsha zokugcina amandla zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumacandelo ahlukeneyo enkqubo yamandla, nto leyo etshintsha kakhulu iimpawu zokusebenza kweenkqubo zamandla zemveli. Ziye zaba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo, okuzinzileyo, noqoqosho kweenkqubo zamandla.
2. Ugcino lwamandla oomatshini
Ukugcinwa kwamandla oomatshini kubandakanya ikakhulu ukugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla e-flywheel.
Indawo yokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo (i-CAES): I-CAES isebenzisa umbane ongaphezulu ngexesha lesidingo esiphantsi ukucinezela umoya, ogcinwayo uze kamva ukhutshwe ngexesha lesidingo esiphezulu ukuvelisa umbane ngokuqhuba i-turbine yegesi. I-CAES ifanelekile kwizicelo ezinkulu ezifana neefama zomoya ngenxa yamandla ayo okucheba umbane ophezulu kodwa ifuna iimeko ezithile zejografi.
Ugcino lwaMandla eFlywheel: Le ndlela isebenzisa amandla ombane ukukhawulezisa i-rotor ebekwe kwi-vacuum, iguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla e-kinetic okugcina. Ugcino lwamandla eFlywheel luphawulwa bubude obufutshane bokukhupha kunye namandla amancinci, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zamandla ezingenakunqandeka (i-UPS) kunye nolawulo lwamaza. Nangona kunjalo, uxinano lwamandla ayo luphantsi kakhulu, lugcina amandla imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu.
3. Ugcino lwamandla e-Electrochemical
Ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical yintsimi evelele equka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri:
Iibhetri zeLithium-Ion: Itekhnoloji yokugcina iikhemikhali ze-electrochemical evuthiweyo nesetyenziswa kakhulu, okwangoku ikwimveliso enkulu kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inesabelo esiphezulu kwimarike.
Iibhetri zeLead-Acid: Ezi bhetri zinee-electrode ezenziwe ngokuyintloko nge-lead kunye nee-oxides zayo ezine-electrolyte ye-sulfuric acid. Ziyiteknoloji evuthiweyo esebenza ngokuzinzileyo kodwa zinengxaki yokutshaja ixesha elide, ungcoliseko oluphezulu, kunye nobomi obufutshane.
Iibhetri Zokuhamba: Zisesekwinqanaba lokubonisa ukusetyenziswa, iibhetri zokuhamba zingahlulwahlulwa ngokweenkqubo zazo ze-electrolyte zibe ziibhetri ze-vanadium redox flow, iibhetri ze-zinc-iron flow, iibhetri ze-zinc-bromine flow, kunye neebhetri ze-iron-chromium flow. Iibhetri ze-Vanadium redox flow zezona zithengiswa kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zisakhawulezisa ukuya kwimizi-mveliso.
Iibhetri zeSodium-Ion: Ezi bhetri zisebenzisa i-intercalation kunye ne-deintercalation yee-ion zesodium phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode ukuze zitshaje kwaye zikhuphe itshaja. Itekhnoloji yeSodium-ion isavavanywa, isenza uphando olongezelelweyo kunye novavanyo.
4. Ugcino lwamandla e-electromagnetic
Ugcino lwamandla e-electromagnetic luquka ugcino lwamandla e-magnetic oluqhuba i-superconducting (SMES) kunye nogcino lwamandla e-supercapacitor, olufanele ukusetyenziswa olufuna ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla aphezulu.
Indawo yokugcina amandla emagnethi eqhuba ngamandla amakhulu (ii-SMES): Igcina amandla ombane kwindawo yemagnethi ene-charge/discharge ekhawulezayo kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu. Nangona kukho iimveliso ze-SMES zorhwebo ezinobushushu obuphantsi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiigridi zamandla kusalinganiselwe ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nokugcinwa okuntsonkothileyo kwezinto eziqhuba ngamandla amakhulu, okuzigcina zikwinqanaba lovavanyo.
IiSupercapacitors: Gcina amandla ombane usebenzisa imigaqo ye-electrostatic, kunye nokumelana nombane ophantsi kwezinto ze-dielectric. Ke ngoko, ii-supercapacitors zinomthamo wokugcina amandla olinganiselweyo, uxinano lwamandla oluphantsi, kunye neendleko zotyalo-mali eziphezulu.
5. Ugcino lwamandla eekhemikhali
Ukugcinwa kwamandla ekhemikhali kubhekisa kakhulu kwiiteknoloji zokugcina i-hydrogen. Ezi ziguqula umbane ongapheliyo okanye ogqithisileyo ube yi-hydrogen nge-electrolysis yokugcina, enokuguqulwa ibe ngamandla ombane kusetyenziswa ii-fuel cells okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuvelisa xa kufuneka.
Ngokutsho kwe-"Development Path Research of Hydrogen Energy Storage Peak Shaving Stations" yiPolaris, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kwiinkqubo ze-hydrogen fuel cell ngoku kumalunga ne-45%. Xa kujongwa ukulahleka kwamandla ngexesha le-electrolysis yamanzi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yonke yokuveliswa kwamandla okugcinwa kwe-hydrogen kumalunga ne-35%. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla ngumceli mngeni obalulekileyo, kwaye uphuhliso olukhulu lwemizi-mveliso yokugcina amandla e-hydrogen lufuna ixesha elininzi.
