1. Incamake
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro byinshi mu kubika no kubika imiti. Ububiko busanzwe burimo ikoranabuhanga nko kubika amazi hakoreshejwe pompe, umwuka ufunze, kubika flywheel, kubika imbaraga zirenze urugero, no kubika ihinduka ry'ibyiciro. Ububiko busanzwe burimo bateri za lithium-ion, bateri zigenda, bateri za sodium-ion, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika hydrogen (ammonia).
Ububiko bushya bw'ingufu buvuga ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ritanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi, hatarimo ububiko bw'amazi bukoreshejwe pompe. Ugereranije n'ububiko bw'amazi bukoreshejwe pompe, ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kubika ingufu ritanga ahantu horoshye, igihe gito cyo kubaka, igisubizo cyihuse, n'imiterere itandukanye y'imikorere.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kubika ingufu rikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye z'ingufu, rihindura cyane imikorere y'ingufu gakondo. Zabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi kugira ngo ingufu zikore neza, zihamye kandi mu buryo bw'ubukungu.
2. Ububiko bw'ingufu za Mekanike
Ububiko bw'ingufu za mashini ahanini burimo kubika ingufu z'umwuka ufunze n'ububiko bw'ingufu ziguruka.
Ububiko bw'ingufu z'umwuka ukabije (CAES): CAES ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi mu gihe cy'ubukene buke kugira ngo ikandagire umwuka, ubikwa hanyuma ukarekurwa mu gihe cy'ubukene buke kugira ngo itange ingufu binyuze mu gutwara turbine ya gaze. CAES ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bunini nko mu mirima y'umuyaga bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kogosha umwuka cyane ariko isaba imiterere yihariye y'ubutaka.
Ububiko bw'Ingufu za Flywheel: Ubu buryo bukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bwihutishe rotor ishyizwe mu cyuma gifunga umwuka, igahindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mo ingufu za kinetic zo kubika. Ububiko bw'ingufu za Flywheel burangwa no kumara igihe gito zisohoka n'ubushobozi buke, bigatuma buba bwiza cyane ku bikorwa nk'amashanyarazi adashobora gucika (UPS) no kugenzura inshuro. Ariko, ubucucike bw'ingufu zabwo ni buke, bukomeza imbaraga mu masegonda make kugeza ku minota.
3. Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Ububiko bw'ingufu za elegitoroniki ni urwego rugaragara rurimo ubwoko butandukanye bwa bateri:
Bateri za Lithium-Ion: Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi rimaze igihe kinini kandi rikoreshwa cyane, ubu riri mu bikorwa byinshi kandi rifite iterambere ryihuse n'isoko riri hejuru.
Bateri za aside y'ubutare: Izi bateri zifite electrode zikozwe ahanini muri lisansi na okiside zayo zifite electrolyte ya aside sulfurike. Ni ikoranabuhanga rikuze rifite imikorere ihamye ariko rigira ingaruka zo gushyushya igihe kirekire, kwandura cyane, no kumara igihe gito.
Bateri zigenda zinyura: Zikiri mu cyiciro cyo kwerekana, bateri zigenda zinyura zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe sisitemu zazo za electrolyte: bateri zigenda zinyura ...
Bateri za Sodium-Ion: Izi bateri zikoresha uburyo bwo gushyira hamwe no gukuramo iyoni za sodium hagati ya anode na cathode mu gusharija no gusohora. Ikoranabuhanga rya Sodium-Ion riracyari igerageza, riracyakorerwa ubushakashatsi n'igeragezwa ryinshi.
4. Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Ububiko bw'ingufu za elegitoroniki burimo kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki zikora cyane (SMES) n'ububiko bw'ingufu za supercapacitor, bukwiriye gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba ko zisohoka vuba kandi zifite ingufu nyinshi.
Ububiko bw'ingufu za Magnetic bukoresha Superconducting (SMES): Bubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu butaka bufite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya/gusohora vuba hamwe n'ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi. Nubwo hari ibicuruzwa bya SMES bikoresha ubushyuhe buke n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikoreshwa ryabyo mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi riracyari rike bitewe n'igiciro kinini n'uburyo bugoye bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho bya superconducting, bigatuma biguma mu cyiciro cy'igerageza.
Supercapacitors: Bika ingufu z'amashanyarazi ukoresheje amahame ya electrostatic, hamwe n'amashanyarazi make adashobora kwihanganira ibikoresho bya dielectric. Kubwibyo, supercapacitors zifite ubushobozi buke bwo kubika ingufu, ubucucike buke bw'ingufu, n'ibiciro by'ishoramari biri hejuru.
5. Kubika ingufu z'ibinyabutabire
Kubika ingufu za shimi ahanini bivuga ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika hydrogen. Izi ngufu zihindura amashanyarazi ahoraho cyangwa arenzeho muri hydrogen binyuze mu buryo bwa electrolysis kugira ngo zibikwe, zishobora guhindurwamo ingufu z'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe utwuma twa lisansi cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora iyo bikenewe.
Nk’uko bivugwa na Polaris mu "Ubushakashatsi ku ngamba zo gukwirakwiza ingufu za hydrogen" mu bushakashatsi, ubu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ingufu za hydrogen riri ku kigero cya 45%. Ukurikije igihombo cy’ingufu mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu mazi, ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ingufu za hydrogen mu buryo rusange ni hafi 35%. Kunoza imikorere myiza yo guhindura ingufu ni ikibazo gikomeye, kandi iterambere rinini ry’inganda mu kubika ingufu za hydrogen risaba igihe kinini.
