Mai tara makamashi wani nau'in batiri ne wanda zai iya adana makamashin sinadarai sannan ya mayar da shi makamashin lantarki. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan aikin gida, tsarin wutar lantarki, motoci da sauran fannoni. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da nau'ikan batura iri-iri, waɗanda suka fi yawa sune batirin Lead acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride da lithium-ion. Wannan labarin zai gabatar da fa'idodi da rashin amfanin batura daban-daban.
Rarrabawa
1. Batirin gubar-acid mai ruwa-ruwa
Wannan shine nau'in batirin gubar-acid da aka fi amfani da shi a motoci, babura da sauran na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki. Ana iya raba batirin gubar-acid mai ruwa zuwa nau'in da aka saba amfani da shi, nau'in zagayowar zurfi da nau'in AGM.
2. Batirin gubar-acid na Gel
Batirin lead-acid na gel tare da gel maimakon ruwa mai amfani da electrolyte, zai iya sa batirin ya fi dorewa kuma ya zama lafiya.
3. Batirin gubar-carbon
Batirin gubar-carbon sabon nau'in batirin gubar-acid ne. Idan aka kwatanta shi da batirin gubar-acid na yau da kullun, yana da ƙarfin kuzari mafi girma, tsawon rai da kuma ingantaccen aiki mai ƙarancin zafin jiki.
4. Batirin gubar-acid na AGM
Batirin gubar-acid na AGM (batir ɗin gubar-acid na gilashin fiber diaphragm) yana ɗaukar diaphragm na gilashin fiber na musamman, wanda zai iya guje wa zubewar batirin da kuma inganta ingancin caji na batirin.
Halaye na asali
1. Wutar Lantarki: ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun na batirin gubar-acid shine volt 12, amma akwai wasu matakan ƙarfin lantarki.
2. Ƙarfin aiki: Ƙarfin baturi shine adadin wutar lantarki da batirin zai iya samarwa a cikin wani lokaci da aka ƙayyade, a cikin awannin ampere (AH). Batirin gubar-acid yana iya aiki daga 1.2AH zuwa 3,000 AH.
3. Rayuwa: Gabaɗaya, batirin gubar-acid yana da tsawon rai na shekaru 3 zuwa 5, ya danganta da tsawon rayuwar batirin da kuma zagayowar caji.
4. Caji: batirin gubar-acid yana da jinkirin caji kuma yawanci yana ɗaukar fiye da awanni 8 kafin ya cika caji.
Amfani da matakan kariya
1. Ya kamata a guji amfani da batirin gubar-acid na dogon lokaci ba tare da caji ko caji fiye da kima ba, in ba haka ba zai shafi rayuwar batirin.
2. Idan ka lalata batura, kana buƙatar kula da muhalli. Ya kamata ka nemo hukumar sake amfani da su.
3. Lokacin adana batirin gubar-acid, a ajiye su a wuri mai kyau da bushewa don guje wa hasken rana kai tsaye.
4. Dole ne a cire ko a maye gurbin batirin a cikin tsari da tsari mai kyau, kuma a ajiye shi tsakanin na'urorin lantarki masu kyau da marasa kyau na batirin don guje wa gajeren da'ira.
A takaice dai, ana amfani da batirin gubar-acid sosai a fannoni da dama. Nau'o'in batirin gubar-acid daban-daban suna da halaye da fa'idodi daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin amfani da batirin gubar-acid, buƙatar bin wasu matakan kariya, don inganta kare batirin da kuma tsawaita rayuwarsa.
Ga fa'idodi da rashin amfanin batirin Lead acid:
Ribobi:
1. Farashi Mai Sauƙi: tsarin samar da batirin Lead acid abu ne mai sauƙi, farashin masana'antu yana da ƙasa, don haka farashinsa yana da ƙasa kaɗan;
2. Babban Aminci: ƙirar batirin Lead acid da amfani da kayan yana da karko kuma abin dogaro, tare da ikon jure wani adadin fitarwa da caji mai yawa.
Fursunoni:
1. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki: Batirin Lead acid yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki kuma saboda haka yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin fitarwa;
2. Gajeren Rai: tsawon rayuwar batirin Lead acid yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 2-3;
3. Mai nauyi: Batirin gubar mai ƙarfin iri ɗaya ya fi sauran nau'ikan batura girma da nauyi.
Batirin Nickel-cadmium
Batirin Nickel-cadmium yana da ƙarfin da ya fi ƙarfin batirin Lead acid yawa kuma yana da tsawon rai na zagayowar aiki. Ana amfani da batirin Nickel-cadmium a masana'antar soja, masana'antu da sararin samaniya. An yi nazarin fa'idodi da rashin amfanin batirin ni-cd kamar haka:
Ribobi:
1. Yawan ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa: batirin ni-cd yana da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da batirin Lead acid, saboda haka yana da ƙarfin fitarwa mafi girma;
2. Tsawon rayuwa: Tsawon rayuwar batirin nickel-cadmium yana da tsawo, yawanci ana iya sake amfani da shi fiye da sau dubu biyu;
3. Yana iya jure zafi mai yawa: batirin ni-cd yana iya jure zafi mai yawa, yana iya aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na -20°C zuwa 65°C.
Fursunoni:
1. Babban farashin kayan aiki: batirin ni-cd yana amfani da nickel da cadmium masu tsarki da sauran kayan aiki, farashin masana'antu yana da yawa.
2. Babban guba: Ana rarraba batirin nickel-cadmium a matsayin mai guba da haɗari saboda gubar cadmium, wanda ke nufin suna buƙatar magani na musamman da sake amfani da su.
Batirin ƙarfe na nickel hydride
Batirin NI-MH wani nau'in batiri ne mai sauƙin amfani da muhalli, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a kayan lantarki na masu amfani da wutar lantarki da sauran fannoni. Yana da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da batirin Lead acid, tsawon rai na sabis da kuma nauyi mai sauƙi. Ga fa'idodi da rashin amfanin batirin nimh:
Ribobi:
1. Yawan ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa: ƙarfin batirin ni-mh ya fi girma;
2. Kare Muhalli: batirin ni-mh ba ya ƙunshe da abubuwa masu cutarwa, ba zai cutar da muhalli ba;
3. Mai sauƙi: batirin nimh masu ƙarfin iri ɗaya sun fi ƙanƙanta da sauƙi fiye da batirin Lead acid ɗinsu.
Fursunoni:
1. Farashi mai yawa: Farashin batirin nickel-metal hydride yana da tsada sosai, farashin masana'antu yana da yawa;
2. Rashin kyawun aiki: idan batirin ba ya aiki, saurin fitar da kansa yana da sauri, don haka yana buƙatar caji akai-akai don kiyaye mafi kyawun aiki.
Batirin Lithium-ion
Batirin lithium-ion yana ɗaya daga cikin batirin da aka fi amfani da shi a kasuwa, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a na'urorin hannu, kayan aikin lantarki, motocin lantarki da sauran fannoni.
Sony ne ya fara ƙirƙiro batirin lithium-ion a shekarar 1990. Ya ƙunshi saka ions na lithium a cikin carbon (petroleum coke da graphite) don samar da anode (batura na lithium na gargajiya suna amfani da lithium ko ƙarfe na lithium a matsayin anode). An yi amfani da LIXCOO2, LixNiO2 da Lixmno4 a matsayin kayan cathode, kuma an yi amfani da Lipf6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) a matsayin electrolyte.
Dangane da nau'in electrolyte da ake amfani da shi a cikin Batirin Lithium-Ion, ana iya raba Batirin Lithium-Ion zuwa Batirin Lithium-Ion mai Liquified (Lib) da Batirin Lithium-Ion mai Polymer (PLB), da Batirin Lithium-Ion mai Lithium-Ion.
Ga fa'idodi da rashin amfanin batirin lithium-ion:
Ribobi:
1. Babban ƙarfin lantarki: batirin lithium-ion yana da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da batirin Lead acid da batirin nicad;
2. Tsawon Rai: tsawon rai na batirin lithium-ion, yana iya caji da kuma fitar da abubuwa sau dubbai;
3. Mai sauƙi: batirin lithium-ion ya fi batirin Lead acid da batirin nickel-cadmium sauƙi.
Fursunoni:
1. Yana da sauƙin kama wuta da fashewa: kwanciyar hankalin batirin lithium-ion ba shi da kyau, idan ba a yi masa caji ba kuma ana amfani da shi ta hanyar da ta dace, zubewar iska, gajeriyar da'ira da sauran matsaloli, da kuma matsalolin tsaron gobara da fashewa;
2. Farashi mai yawa: batirin lithium-ion yana amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki a ciki kuma yana da tsadar masana'antu.
A taƙaice dai, nau'ikan batura daban-daban suna da nasu fa'idodi da rashin amfani, zaɓin batirin ya dogara ne da takamaiman buƙatun amfani da amfani. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da farashi, ƙarfinsa, ƙarfinsa, tsawon lokacin sabis, nauyi, aminci da sauran abubuwa yayin siyayya.
