I-Accumulator uhlobo lwebhethri olungagcina amandla amakhemikhali futhi luwaguqule abe amandla kagesi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zasekhaya, ohlelweni lwamandla kagesi, ezimotweni nakwezinye izindawo. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri zisetshenziswa kabanzi, okuvame kakhulu kuzo yibhethri le-Lead acid, i-nickel-cadmium, i-nickel-metal hydride kanye namabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamabhethri ahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa
1. Amabhethri e-lead-acid ewuketshezi
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwebhethri le-lead-acid, olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni, ezithuthuthwini nakwezinye izinto zokuqala. Ibhethri le-lead-acid eliwuketshezi lingahlukaniswa ngohlobo oluvamile, uhlobo lomjikelezo ojulile kanye nohlobo lwe-AGM.
2. Amabhethri e-gel lead-acid
Ibhethri le-lead-acid lejeli elinejeli esikhundleni se-electrolyte ewuketshezi, lingenza ibhethri liqine futhi liphephe kakhudlwana.
3. Amabhethri e-lead-carbon
Ibhethri le-lead-carbon uhlobo olusha lwebhethri le-lead-acid. Uma liqhathaniswa nebhethri le-lead-acid elivamile, linamandla aphezulu, liphila isikhathi eside futhi lisebenza kahle ekushiseni okuphansi.
4. Ibhethri le-lead-acid le-AGM
Ibhethri le-lead-acid le-AGM (ibhethri le-diaphragm le-lead-acid le-type adsorption glass fiber) lisebenzisa i-diaphragm ekhethekile ye-glass fiber ye-adsorption, engagwema ukuvuza kwebhethri futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kwebhethri.
Izici eziyisisekelo
1. I-Voltage: i-voltage evamile yebhethri le-lead-acid ingama-volts ayi-12, kodwa kunezinye amazinga e-voltage.
2. Umthamo: Umthamo webhethri inani lamandla kagesi ibhethri elingalinikeza ngesikhathi esithile, ngamahora e-ampere (AH). Amabhethri e-lead-acid asukela ku-1.2AH kuya ku-3,000 AH.
3. Impilo: Ngokuvamile, amabhethri e-lead-acid aphila iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5, kuye ngokuthi ibhethri liphila isikhathi esingakanani kanye nomjikelezo wokushaja.
4. Ukushaja: amabhethri e-lead-acid ayashesha ukushaja futhi ngokuvamile athatha amahora angaphezu kwangu-8 ukushaja.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha
1. Amabhethri e-lead-acid kufanele agwenywe ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushaja noma ukushaja ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzothinta impilo yebhethri.
2. Uma ubhubhisa amabhethri, udinga ukunakekela imvelo. Kufanele uthole i-ejensi efanele yokuvuselela.
3. Uma ugcina amabhethri e-lead-acid, wagcine endaweni enomoya omuhle futhi eyomile ukuze ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
4. Ibhethri kumele lisuswe noma lishintshwe ngokulandelana nangendlela efanele, futhi kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwama-electrode amahle nangalungile ebhethri ukuze kugwenywe ukujikeleza okufushane.
Ngamafuphi, amabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri e-lead-acid zinezici nezinzuzo ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekusebenziseni amabhethri e-lead-acid, isidingo sokulandela izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha, ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono ibhethri futhi kwandiswe isikhathi sayo sokusebenza.
Nazi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwebhethri le-Lead acid:
Izinzuzo:
1. Izindleko Eziphansi: inqubo yokukhiqiza ibhethri le-Lead acid ilula kakhulu, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi, ngakho-ke intengo yayo iphansi kakhulu;
2. Ukuthembeka Okuphezulu: ukwakheka kwebhethri le-Lead acid kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto kuzinzile futhi kuthembekile, kunekhono lokubekezelela inani elithile lokukhishwa nokushaja ngokweqile.
Ububi:
1. Ubuningi bamandla aphansi: ibhethri le-Lead acid linamandla aphansi futhi ngenxa yalokho linamandla okukhipha aphansi;
2. Impilo Emfushane: impilo yebhethri le-Lead acid imfushane kakhulu, ngokuvamile cishe iminyaka emi-2-3;
3. Esindayo: Ibhethri le-lead acid elinamandla afanayo likhulu futhi lisinda kunezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri.
Ibhethri le-nickel-cadmium
Amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium anamandla amakhulu kunebhethri le-Lead acid futhi aphila isikhathi eside ngomjikelezo. Amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium avame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezempi, yezimboni kanye neyezindiza. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamabhethri e-ni-cd kuhlaziywa kanje:
Izinzuzo:
1. Ubuningi bamandla aphezulu: amabhethri e-ni-cd anamandla aphezulu kunebhethri le-Lead acid, ngakho-ke anamandla aphezulu okukhipha;
2. Impilo yomjikelezo omude: Impilo yebhethri le-nickel-cadmium inde, ngokuvamile ingaphinde isetshenziswe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili;
3. Ingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu: ibhethri le-ni-cd lingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu, lingasebenza ebangeni lokushisa elisukela ku--20°C kuya ku-65°C.
Ububi:
1. Izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo ziphezulu: amabhethri e-ni-cd asebenzisa i-nickel ne-cadmium emsulwa kakhulu nezinye izinto, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme kakhulu;
2. Ubuthi obuphezulu: amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium ahlukaniswa njengobuthi futhi ayingozi ngenxa yobuthi be-cadmium, okusho ukuthi adinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha.
Ibhethri le-hydride yensimbi ye-nickel
Ibhethri le-NI-MH uhlobo lwebhethri elinobungani nemvelo, elisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-elekthronikhi abathengi nakwezinye izinkambu. Linamandla aphezulu kunebhethri le-Lead acid, impilo yesevisi ende kanye nesisindo esilula. Nazi izinzuzo nezingozi zamabhethri e-nimh:
Izinzuzo:
1. Ubuningi bamandla aphezulu: ubukhulu bamandla ebhethri le-ni-mh buphakeme;
2. Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo: i-ni-mh Ibhethri alinazo izinto eziyingozi, ngeke lilimaze imvelo;
3. Okulula: amabhethri e-nimh anomthamo ofanayo mancane futhi alula kunebhethri le-Lead acid elihambisana nawo.
Ububi:
1. Amanani aphezulu: amanani ebhethri le-nickel-metal hydride aphezulu kakhulu, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu;
2. Ukungasebenzisi kahle ibhethri: uma ibhethri lingasetshenziswa, izinga layo lokuzikhipha lishesha, ngakho-ke kudingeka lishaje njalo ukuze ligcine ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ibhethri le-lithium-ion
Ibhethri le-lithium-ion lingenye yamabhethri athandwa kakhulu emakethe, asetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi eselula, amathuluzi kagesi, izimoto zikagesi kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ibhethri le-lithium-ion laqala ukwakhiwa yi-Sony ngo-1990. Lihilela ukufaka ama-ion e-lithium ku-carbon (i-petroleum coke kanye ne-graphite) ukuze kwakheke i-anode (amabhethri e-lithium endabuko asebenzisa ama-lithium noma ama-lithium alloys njenge-anode). I-LIXCOO2, i-LixNiO2 kanye ne-Lixmno4 zasetshenziswa njengezinto ze-cathode, kanti i-Lipf6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) yasetshenziswa njenge-electrolyte.
Kuye ngohlobo lwe-electrolyte esetshenziswa kubhethri le-Lithium-Ion, ibhethri le-Lithium-Ion lingahlukaniswa libe yibhethri le-Liquified Lithium-Ion (Lib) kanye nebhethri le-Polymer Lithium-Ion (PLB), ibhethri le-Lithium-Ion.
Nazi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwebhethri le-lithium-ion:
Izinzuzo:
1. Ubuningi bamandla aphezulu: ibhethri le-lithium-ion linamandla aphezulu kunebhethri le-Lead acid kanye namabhethri e-nicad;
2. Impilo Ende: impilo ende yebhethri le-lithium-ion, ingashaja futhi ikhiphe izinkulungwane zezikhathi;
3. Ilula: ibhethri le-lithium-ion lilula kunebhethri le-Lead acid kanye namabhethri e-nickel-cadmium.
Ububi:
1. Kulula ukubamba umlilo nokuqhuma: ukuzinza kwebhethri le-lithium-ion kubi, uma lingashajwa futhi lisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ukuvuza, i-short circuit kanye nezinye izinkinga, kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha komlilo nokuqhuma;
2. Izindleko eziphezulu: ibhethri le-lithium-ion lisebenzisa izinto eziningi ngaphakathi futhi linezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza.
Ngamafuphi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo, ukukhetha ukuthi yiliphi ibhethri kuncike ekusetshenzisweni nasekusetshenzisweni okuthile. Izindleko, umthamo, ubuningi bamandla, impilo yesevisi, isisindo, ukuphepha nezinye izici kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele lapho uthenga.
