I-Accumulator luhlobo lwebhetri olunokugcina amandla eekhemikhali kwaye luwaguqule abe ngamandla ombane. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zasekhaya, kwinkqubo yamandla ombane, kwizithuthi nakwezinye iindawo. Okwangoku, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeebhetri zisetyenziswa kakhulu, apho ezona zixhaphakileyo yibhetri ye-Lead acid, i-nickel-cadmium, i-nickel-metal hydride kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kweebhetri ezahlukeneyo.
Ulwahlulo
1. Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi engamanzi
Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwebhetri ye-lead-acid, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, kwiibhayisekile nakwezinye izinto eziqalayo. Ibhetri ye-lead-acid engamanzi inokwahlulwa ibe yi-common type, i-deep cycle type kunye ne-AGM type.
2. Iibhetri zejeli ze-lead-acid
Ibhetri yejeli ene-lead-acid enejeli endaweni ye-electrolyte engamanzi, ingenza ibhetri ihlale ixesha elide kwaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi.
3. Iibhetri ze-lead-carbon
Ibhetri ye-lead-carbon luhlobo olutsha lwebhetri ye-lead-acid. Xa ithelekiswa nebhetri ye-lead-acid eqhelekileyo, inamandla aphezulu, ihlala ixesha elide kwaye isebenza ngcono kubushushu obuphantsi.
4. Ibhetri ye-AGM lead-asidi
Ibhetri ye-lead-acid ye-AGM (ibhetri ye-diaphragm lead-acid yohlobo lwe-adsorption) isebenzisa i-diaphragm ekhethekileyo ye-glass fiber yohlobo lwe-adsorption, enokuthintela ukuvuza kwebhetri kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kwebhetri.
Iimpawu ezisisiseko
1. I-Voltage: i-voltage eqhelekileyo yebhetri ye-lead-acid yi-12 volts, kodwa kukho amanye amanqanaba e-voltage.
2. Umthamo: Umthamo webhetri sisixa samandla ebhetri esinokubonelelwa yibhetri ngexesha elithile, kwiiyure ze-ampere (AH). Umthamo weebhetri ze-lead-acid usukela kwi-1.2AH ukuya kwi-3,000 AH.
3. Ubomi: Ngokubanzi, iibhetri ze-lead-acid zinobomi beminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, kuxhomekeke kubomi bebhetri kunye nomjikelo wokutshaja.
4. Ukutshaja: iibhetri ze-lead-acid zicotha ukutshaja kwaye zihlala zithatha ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-8 ukutshaja.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezilumkiso
1. Iibhetri ze-lead-acid mazithintelwe xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshaja okanye ukutshaja kakhulu, kungenjalo ziya kuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri.
2. Xa utshabalalisa iibhetri, kufuneka ukhathalele okusingqongileyo. Kufuneka ufumane iarhente efanelekileyo yokubuyisela izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
3. Xa ugcina iibhetri ze-lead-acid, zigcine kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo neyomileyo ukuze ungalali ilanga ngqo.
4. Ibhetri mayisuswe okanye itshintshwe ngokulandelelana nangendlela echanekileyo, kwaye mayigcinwe phakathi kwee-electrodes ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zebhetri ukuze kuthintelwe ukujikeleza okufutshane.
Ngamafutshane, iibhetri ze-lead-acid zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri ze-lead-acid zineempawu kunye neenzuzo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, ekusebenziseni iibhetri ze-lead-acid, kufuneka kulandelwe amanyathelo athile okhuseleko, ukuze kukhuselwe ngcono ibhetri kwaye kwandiswe ubomi bayo benkonzo.
Nazi izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngebhetri ye-Lead acid:
Iingenelo:
1. Ixabiso eliphantsi: inkqubo yokuvelisa ibhetri ye-Lead acid ilula kakhulu, iindleko zokuvelisa ziphantsi, ngoko ke ixabiso layo liphantsi kakhulu;
2. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu: uyilo lwebhetri ye-Lead acid kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto kuzinzile kwaye kuthembekile, kunamandla okumelana nokukhupha kunye nokutshaja okugqithisileyo.
Iingxaki:
1. Uxinano lwamandla aphantsi: ibhetri ye-Lead acid inamandla aphantsi kwaye ke ngoko amandla okukhupha aphantsi;
2. Ubomi obufutshane: ubomi bebhetri ye-Lead acid bufutshane kakhulu, buhlala malunga neminyaka emi-2-3;
3. Inzima: Ibhetri ye-lead acid enomthamo ofanayo inkulu kwaye inzima kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri.
Ibhetri yeNickel-cadmium
Iibhetri zeNickel-cadmium zinamandla aphezulu kunebhetri yeLead acid kwaye zihlala ixesha elide. Iibhetri zeNickel-cadmium zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini omkhosi, amashishini kunye neendiza. Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kweebhetri zeNi-cd zihlalutywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Iingenelo:
1. Uxinano lwamandla aphezulu: iibhetri ze-ni-cd zinoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunebhetri ye-Lead acid, ngoko ke zinamandla aphezulu okukhupha;
2. Ubomi bomjikelo omde: Ubomi bebhetri ye-nickel-cadmium bude, budla ngokuphinda busetyenziswe izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwamawaka amabini;
3. Iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: ibhetri ye-ni-cd inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ingasebenza kubushushu obuphakathi kwe -20°C ukuya kwi-65°C.
Iingxaki:
1. Ixabiso eliphezulu lezinto: iibhetri ze-ni-cd zisebenzisa i-nickel kunye ne-cadmium ecocekileyo kunye nezinye izinto, iindleko zokuvelisa ziphezulu kakhulu;
2. Ubuthi obuphezulu: iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium zihlelwa njengezinobungozi nezinobungozi ngenxa yobuthi be-cadmium, oko kuthetha ukuba zifuna unyango olukhethekileyo kunye nokurisayikilishwa.
Ibhetri ye-hydride yesinyithi seNickel
Ibhetri ye-NI-MH luhlobo lwebhetri enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-elektroniki zabathengi nakwezinye iindawo. Inamandla aphezulu kunebhetri ye-Lead acid, ubomi benkonzo obude kunye nobunzima obuphantsi. Nazi izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngeebhetri ze-nimh:
Iingenelo:
1. Uxinano lwamandla aphezulu: uxinano lwamandla ebhetri ye-ni-mh luphezulu;
2. Ukhuseleko lweNdalo: ibhetri ye-ni-mh ayinazo izinto ezinobungozi, ayizukubangela monakalo kwindalo;
3. Ilula: iibhetri ze-nimh ezinomthamo ofanayo zincinci kwaye zilula kuneebhetri ze-Lead acid.
Iingxaki:
1. Amaxabiso aphezulu: amaxabiso ebhetri ye-nickel-metal hydride aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zokuvelisa ziphezulu;
2. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle: xa ibhetri ingasetyenziswa, izinga layo lokuzikhupha likhawuleza, ngoko ke kufuneka itshaje rhoqo ukuze igcine ukusebenza kwayo kusemgangathweni.
Ibhetri yeLithium-ion
Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yenye yeebhetri ezidumileyo kwimarike, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, izixhobo zombane, izithuthi ze-elektroniki nakwezinye iindawo.
Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yaqalwa ukwenziwa yiSony ngo-1990. Ibandakanya ukufaka ii-lithium ion kwi-carbon (i-petroleum coke kunye ne-graphite) ukwenza i-anode (iibhetri ze-lithium zemveli zisebenzisa i-lithium okanye i-lithium alloys njenge-anode). I-LIXCOO2, i-LixNiO2 kunye ne-Lixmno4 zasetyenziswa njengezinto ze-cathode, kwaye i-Lipf6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) yasetyenziswa njenge-electrolyte.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-electrolyte esetyenziswa kwiLithium-Ion Battery, iLithium-Ion Battery inokwahlulwa ibe yiLiquified Lithium-Ion Battery (Lib) kunye nePolymer Lithium-Ion Battery (PLB), iLithium-Ion Battery Lithium-Ion Battery.
Nazi izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zebhetri ye-lithium-ion:
Iingenelo:
1. Uxinano lwamandla aphezulu: ibhetri ye-lithium-ion inamandla aphezulu kunebhetri ye-Lead acid kunye neebhetri ze-nicad;
2. Ubomi obude: ubomi obude bebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ingajikelezisa itshaje kwaye ikhuphe amawakawaka amaxesha;
3. Ilula: ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ilula kunebhetri ye-Lead acid kunye neebhetri ze-nickel-cadmium.
Iingxaki:
1. Kulula ukubamba umlilo nokuqhuma: uzinzo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion alulunganga, ukuba alutshajwanga kwaye lusetyenziswa ngendlela echanekileyo, ukuvuza, i-short circuit kunye nezinye iingxaki, kunye neengxaki zokhuseleko lomlilo nokuqhuma;
2. Iindleko eziphezulu: ibhetri ye-lithium-ion isebenzisa izinto ezininzi ngaphakathi kwaye ineendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa.
Ngamafutshane, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo, ukhetho lwebhetri luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ixabiso, umthamo, uxinano lwamandla, ubomi benkonzo, ubunzima, ukhuseleko kunye nezinye izinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo xa kuthengwa.
