Mitundu ya mabatire a lead-acid ndi makhalidwe awo

Kugawa
1. Mabatire amadzimadzi a lead-acid
Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa batire ya lead-acid, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto, njinga zamoto ndi zina zoyambira. Batire yamadzimadzi ya lead-acid imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yofanana, mtundu wa deep cycle ndi mtundu wa AGM.
2. Mabatire a gel-lead-acid
Batire ya gel-acid yokhala ndi gel m'malo mwa electrolyte yamadzimadzi, ingapangitse batire kukhala yolimba komanso yotetezeka.
3. Mabatire a lead-carbon
Batire ya lead-carbon ndi mtundu watsopano wa batire ya lead-acid. Poyerekeza ndi batire yachizolowezi ya lead-acid, ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, imakhala nthawi yayitali komanso kutentha kochepa.
4. Batire ya AGM-acid
Batire ya AGM lead-acid (batire yagalasi ya ulusi wa diaphragm lead-acid) imagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yapadera yagalasi ya ulusi wa adsorption, yomwe ingapewe kutuluka kwa batire ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya batire yolipirira.

Makhalidwe oyambira
1. Voliyumu: voliyumu yanthawi zonse ya batire ya lead-acid ndi ma volts 12, koma palinso ma voltage ena.
2. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu: Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya batri ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe batri lingapereke pakapita nthawi, mu maola a ampere (AH). Mphamvu ya mabatire a lead-acid imayambira pa 1.2AH mpaka 3,000 AH.
3. Moyo: Kawirikawiri, mabatire okhala ndi lead-acid amakhala ndi moyo wa zaka 3 mpaka 5, kutengera nthawi ya batri komanso nthawi yochaja.
4. Kuchaja: mabatire a lead-acid amachedwa kuchaja ndipo nthawi zambiri amatenga maola opitilira 8 kuti adzazenso.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera
1. Mabatire a lead-acid ayenera kupewedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kuchaja kapena kukweza kwambiri, apo ayi izi zingakhudze moyo wa batri.
2. Mukawononga mabatire, muyenera kusamalira chilengedwe. Muyenera kupeza bungwe loyenera lobwezeretsanso zinthu.
3. Mukasunga mabatire a lead-acid, asungeni pamalo opumira bwino komanso ouma kuti mupewe kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji.
4. Batire iyenera kuchotsedwa kapena kusinthidwa m'njira yoyenera, ndipo iyenera kusungidwa pakati pa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa a batire kuti isawonongeke.
Mwachidule, mabatire a lead-acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire a lead-acid ali ndi makhalidwe ndi ubwino wosiyana. Komanso, pakugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lead-acid, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zina zodzitetezera, kuti batire litetezeke bwino ndikuwonjezera nthawi yake yogwira ntchito.

Nazi zabwino ndi zoyipa za batri ya Lead acid:
Ubwino:
1. Mtengo Wotsika: njira yopangira batire ya Lead acid ndi yosavuta, ndalama zopangira ndi zochepa, kotero mtengo wake ndi wotsika;
2. Kudalirika Kwambiri: kapangidwe ka batire ya Lead acid ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho ndi kokhazikika komanso kodalirika, ndipo kumatha kupirira kutulutsa ndi kuchaja mopitirira muyeso.
Zoyipa:
1. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu: batire ya Lead acid ili ndi mphamvu yochepa ndipo motero mphamvu yotulutsa imakhala yochepa;
2. Moyo Waufupi: Moyo wa batri ya Lead acid ndi waufupi, nthawi zambiri umakhala pafupifupi zaka 2-3;
3. Wolemera: Batire ya asidi ya lead yokhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi yayikulu komanso yolemera kuposa mabatire ena.

Batire ya nickel-cadmium
Mabatire a nickel-cadmium ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa batiri la Lead acid ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Mabatire a nickel-cadmium amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani ankhondo, mafakitale ndi ndege. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mabatire a ni-cd akufufuzidwa motere:
Ubwino:
1. Mphamvu yochuluka: mabatire a ni-cd ali ndi mphamvu yochuluka kuposa batire ya Lead acid, motero ali ndi mphamvu yotulutsa yochuluka;
2. Moyo wautali: Moyo wa batri wa nickel-cadmium ndi wautali, nthawi zambiri ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi zoposa zikwi ziwiri;
3. Imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri: batire ya ni-cd imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, imatha kugwira ntchito kutentha kwa -20°C mpaka 65°C.
Zoyipa:
1. Mtengo wapamwamba wa zinthu: mabatire a ni-cd amagwiritsa ntchito nickel ndi cadmium yoyera kwambiri ndi zinthu zina, ndalama zopangira zimakhala zokwera;
2. Kuopsa kwambiri: mabatire a nickel-cadmium amagawidwa m'magulu a poizoni komanso oopsa chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa cadmium, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunika chithandizo chapadera ndi kubwezeretsanso.

Batire ya hydride yachitsulo cha nikeli
Batire ya NI-MH ndi mtundu wa batire yosawononga chilengedwe, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi ndi zina. Ili ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa batire ya Lead acid, nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito komanso kulemera kopepuka. Nazi zabwino ndi zoyipa za mabatire a nimh:
Ubwino:
1. Mphamvu yochuluka: mphamvu ya batri ya ni-mh ndi yokwera;
2. Kuteteza Zachilengedwe: ni-mh Batire ilibe zinthu zovulaza, sidzavulaza chilengedwe;
3. Zopepuka: mabatire a nimh okhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka kuposa mabatire ena a Lead acid.
Zoyipa:
1. Mitengo yokwera: mitengo ya mabatire a nickel-metal hydride ndi yokwera kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri popanga zinthu;
2. Kusagwira ntchito bwino: batire ikapanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu yake yotulutsa mphamvu imayenda mofulumira, choncho imafunika kuyichaja pafupipafupi kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

Batri ya Lithium-ion
Batire ya lithiamu-ion ndi imodzi mwa mabatire otchuka kwambiri pamsika, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafoni, zida zamagetsi, magalimoto amagetsi ndi zina.
Batri ya lithiamu-ion idapangidwa koyamba ndi Sony mu 1990. Imaphatikizapo kuyika ma lithiamu ion mu kaboni (petroleum coke ndi graphite) kuti apange anode (mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu kapena ma lithiamu alloys ngati anode). LIXCOO2, LixNiO2 ndi Lixmno4 adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu za cathode, ndipo Lipf6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrolyte.
Kutengera mtundu wa electrolyte yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Lithium-Ion Battery, Lithium-Ion Battery ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: Liquified Lithium-Ion Battery (Lib) ndi Polymer Lithium-Ion Battery (PLB), Lithium-Ion Battery Lithium-Ion Battery.

Nazi zabwino ndi zoyipa za batri ya lithiamu-ion:
Ubwino:
1. Mphamvu yochuluka: batire ya lithiamu-ion ili ndi mphamvu yochuluka kuposa batire ya Lead acid ndi mabatire a nicad;
2. Moyo Wautali: moyo wautali wa batri ya lithiamu-ion, imatha kudzaza ndi kutulutsa mphamvu nthawi zambirimbiri;
3. Yopepuka: batire ya lithiamu-ion ndi yopepuka kuposa batire ya Lead acid ndi mabatire a nickel-cadmium.
Zoyipa:
1. Kugwira moto mosavuta ndi kuphulika: kukhazikika kwa batire ya lithiamu-ion ndi koipa, ngati sikuli kochajidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kutayikira, kufupika kwa magetsi ndi mavuto ena, komanso mavuto a chitetezo cha moto ndi kuphulika;
2. Mitengo yokwera: batire ya lithiamu-ion imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri mkati ndipo ili ndi mitengo yokwera yopangira.

Mwachidule, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire ili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, kusankha batire yomwe imadalira momwe ikufunira komanso zosowa zake. Mtengo, mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, nthawi yogwirira ntchito, kulemera, chitetezo ndi zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira pogula.