ʻO ka Accumulator kahi ʻano pākahiko e hiki ke mālama i ka ikehu kemika a hoʻololi iā ia i ikehu uila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā mīkini home, ka ʻōnaehana mana uila, nā kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano pākahiko like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pākahiko Lead acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride a me nā pākahiko lithium-ion. E hoʻolauna kēia ʻatikala i nā pono a me nā hemahema o nā pākahiko like ʻole.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana
1. Nā pila wai-waikawa
ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka pila kēpau-ʻakika, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻa, nā mokokaikala a me nā mea hoʻomaka ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pila kēpau-ʻakika wai i ke ʻano maʻamau, ke ʻano pōʻaiapuni hohonu a me ke ʻano AGM.
2. Nā pila gel lead-acid
ʻO ka pākahiko alakaʻi-acid gel me ka gel ma kahi o ka electrolyte wai, hiki ke hoʻolilo i ka pākahiko i ʻoi aku ka paʻa a palekana.
3. Nā pila kalapona kēpau
He ʻano hou o ka pākahiko kēpau-ʻakika ka pākahiko kēpau-kalapona. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pākahiko kēpau-ʻakika maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana wela haʻahaʻa.
4. Pākahi waikawa alakaʻi AGM
Hoʻohana ka pākahiko AGM lead-acid (adsorption type glass fiber diaphragm lead-acid battery) i ka diaphragm fiber ʻano adsorption kūikawā, hiki ke pale aku i ka leakage o ka pākahiko a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka pākahiko.
Nā ʻano kumu
1. Anakahi uila: ʻo ka anakahi uila maʻamau o kahi pākahiko kēpau-ʻakika he 12 volts, akā aia kekahi mau pae anakahi uila ʻē aʻe.
2. Ka Mana: ʻO ka mana o ka pila ka nui o ke au e hiki ai i ka pila ke hāʻawi i loko o kahi manawa i hāʻawi ʻia, ma nā hola ampere (AH). Loaʻa ka mana o nā pila lead-acid mai 1.2AH a i 3,000 AH.
3. Ola: Ma keʻano laulā, he 3 a 5 mau makahiki ke ola o nā pila kēpau-ʻakika, ma muli o ke ola o ka pila a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻouku.
4. Hoʻouka ʻana: lohi ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā pila kēpau-ʻakika a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 8 mau hola e hoʻouka hou ai.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana palekana
1. Pono e hōʻalo ʻia nā pila kēpau-ʻakika i ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻouka ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻouka nui ʻana, inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ia i ke ola o ka pila.
2. Ke hoʻopau ʻoe i nā pila, pono ʻoe e mālama i ke kaiapuni. Pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ka ʻoihana hana hou kūpono.
3. I ka mālama ʻana i nā pila kēpau-ʻakika, e mālama iā lākou i kahi ea maikaʻi a maloʻo hoʻi e pale aku i ka lā pololei.
4. Pono e wehe ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha ka pila ma ke ʻano kūpono a me ke ʻano kūpono, a pono e mālama ʻia ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole o ka pila e pale aku i ka pōʻai pōkole.
I ka huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pila kēpau-ʻakika ma nā ʻano he nui. Loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pila kēpau-ʻakika nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pono. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pila kēpau-ʻakika, pono e mālama i kekahi mau hana palekana, i mea e pale maikaʻi ai i ka pila a hoʻolōʻihi i kona ola lawelawe.
Eia nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o ka pākahiko Lead acid:
Nā Pōmaikaʻi:
1. Kumukūʻai Haʻahaʻa: he maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana o ka pākahiko Lead acid, haʻahaʻa nā kumukūʻai hana, no laila he haʻahaʻa kona kumukūʻai;
2. Hilinaʻi Kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pākahiko Lead acid a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea he paʻa a hilinaʻi hoʻi, me ka hiki ke kū i kahi nui o ka hoʻokuʻu nui ʻana a me ka hoʻouka ʻana.
Nā mea ʻino:
1. Haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka mana: ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka mana o ka pākahiko Lead acid a no laila he haʻahaʻa ka mana hoʻopuka;
2. Ola Pōkole: he pōkole ke ola lawelawe o ka pākahiko Lead acid, ma kahi o 2-3 mau makahiki;
3. Kaumaha: ʻOi aku ka nui a me ke kaumaha o nā pākahiko kēpau waikawa o ka mana like ma mua o nā ʻano pākahiko ʻē aʻe.
Pākahi nickel-cadmium
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mana o nā pila nickel-cadmium ma mua o ka pila lead acid a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola pōʻaiapuni. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pila nickel-cadmium i nā ʻoihana koa, ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana aerospace. Ua kālailai ʻia nā pono a me nā hemahema o nā pila ni-cd penei:
Nā Pōmaikaʻi:
1. Ka nui o ka mana: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana o nā pila ni-cd ma mua o ka pila Lead acid, a no laila he mana hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe aʻe;
2. Ola lōʻihi: He lōʻihi ke ola o ka pila nickel-cadmium, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ma mua o ʻelua tausani manawa;
3. Hiki ke kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana: hiki i ka pākaukau ni-cd ke kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, hiki ke hana ma ka pae mahana o -20°C a i 65°C.
Nā mea ʻino:
1. Kumukūʻai waiwai kiʻekiʻe: hoʻohana nā pila ni-cd i ka nickel maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka cadmium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai hana;
2. ʻAkika kiʻekiʻe: ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pila nickel-cadmium he ʻawahia a weliweli hoʻi ma muli o ka ʻawahia o ka cadmium, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koi nei lākou i ka mālama kūikawā a me ka hana hou ʻana.
Pākahiko hydride metala nikala
ʻO ka pākahiko NI-MH kahi ʻano pākahiko aloha kaiapuni, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila mea kūʻai aku a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mana ma mua o ka pākahiko Lead acid, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe a ʻoi aku ka māmā. Eia nā pono a me nā pōʻino o nā pākahiko nimh:
Nā Pōmaikaʻi:
1. Kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka mana: ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka mana o ka pila ni-mh;
2. Ka palekana o ke kaiapuni: ʻaʻohe mea ʻino i loko o ka pākahiko ni-mh, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino i ke kaiapuni;
3. Māmā: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka māmā o nā pila nimh o ka mana like ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa pila Lead acid.
Nā mea ʻino:
1. Nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe: kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā pila nickel-metal hydride, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai hana;
2. ʻAʻole kūpono ka passivity: ke hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ka pila, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kona hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī ʻana, no laila pono e hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia e mālama i ka hana maikaʻi loa.
Pākahi Lithium-ion
ʻO ka pākahiko lithium-ion kekahi o nā pākahiko kaulana loa ma ka mākeke, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā polokalamu kelepona, nā mea hana uila, nā kaʻa uila a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Ua hoʻomohala mua ʻia ka pākahiko lithium-ion e Sony i ka makahiki 1990. Pili ia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ion lithium i loko o ke kalapona (petroleum coke a me graphite) e hana i kahi anode (hoʻohana nā pākahiko lithium kuʻuna i nā mea hoʻohui lithium a i ʻole lithium ma ke ʻano he anode). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo LIXCOO2, LixNiO2 a me Lixmno4 ma ke ʻano he mau mea cathode, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Lipf6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) ma ke ʻano he electrolyte.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka electrolyte i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka Lithium-Ion Battery, hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia ka Lithium-Ion Battery i Liquified Lithium-Ion Battery (Lib) a me Polymer Lithium-Ion Battery (PLB), Lithium-Ion Battery Lithium-Ion Battery.
Eia nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o ka pākahiko lithium-ion:
Nā Pōmaikaʻi:
1. Kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka mana: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana o ka pākahiko lithium-ion ma mua o ka pākahiko Lead acid a me nā pākahiko nicad;
2. Ola Loa: ke ola lōʻihi o ka pākahi lithium-ion, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā tausani manawa;
3. Māmā: ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka pākahiko lithium-ion ma mua o ka pākahiko Lead acid a me nā pākahiko nickel-cadmium.
Nā mea ʻino:
1. Maʻalahi ke ahi a pahū: ʻilihune ke kūpaʻa o ka pākahi lithium-ion, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopiʻi ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ala kūpono, leakage, kaapuni pōkole a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, a me nā pilikia palekana ahi a me ka pahū;
2. Nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe: hoʻohana ka pākahiko lithium-ion i nā mea hou aku i loko a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai hana.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, he pono a he hemahema ko nā ʻano pākahiko like ʻole, ʻo ke koho ʻana o ka pākahiko e pili ana i ka noi kikoʻī a me nā pono hoʻohana. Pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ke kumukūʻai, ka mana, ka nui o ka mana, ke ola lawelawe, ke kaumaha, ka palekana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kūʻai ʻana.
