Ua hala nā pūnaewele Photovoltaic i ʻekolu mau hanauna o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana:
Hanauna Mua: ʻenehana Silicon Crystalline
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ma ke silicon ma ke ʻano he mea nui, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻenehana e like me BSF, PERC, TOPCon, HJT, a me IBC.
Hanauna ʻElua: ʻenehana ʻili lahilahi
Hōʻike ʻia e nā mea e like me Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), a me Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), ua hakakā nā cell ʻili lahilahi e hoʻokūkū me ka silicon crystalline ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka pono a me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o $2 biliona no kēlā me kēia GW o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā). I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou mākeke ma mua o 5%.
ʻO ke kolu o ka hanauna: Perovskite a me nā cell solar organik
Me ka noho aliʻi ʻia e nā cell solar perovskite, ua ʻike ʻia kēia hanauna i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻenehana hoʻohiki e ʻoi aku paha ma mua o nā cell silicon crystalline ma ke ʻano he holomua hou i ka photovoltaics.
Holomua i ka Pono Hoʻololi o nā Kelepona Photovoltaic
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka silicon crystalline, hāʻawi nā cell perovskite i ka pono theoretical kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa i nā cell perovskite single-junction a me tandem ka pono theoretical o 33% a me 45%, kēlā me kēia, e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o ka palena no ka silicon crystalline. Ma ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai, ua manaʻo ʻia ke kumukūʻai lōʻihi o nā modules perovskite single-junction ma 0.5-0.6 RMB/W, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka silicon crystalline, e lilo ia i wahi kikowaena no ka hoʻomohala photovoltaic e hiki mai ana.
ʻOiai ke noho nei nā cell perovskite i nā pae mua o ka ʻoihana, ke hoʻopukapuka ikaika nei nā ʻoihana silicon crystalline a me amorphous i kēia ʻāpana. Ua komo pū nā kumu kālā like ʻole i ka mākeke, e hoʻoulu ana i ka hoihoi ākea a me ka wikiwiki ʻana i ke kālepa ʻana.
Nā Pilikia a me ke Ala i ke Kālepa ʻana
Ke kū nei nā cell Perovskite i nā pilikia e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa a me nā kaʻina hana hana, pono e hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻokō i ka hana nui. Aia nō nā laina hana hoʻāʻo o kēia manawa i ka pae hoʻāʻo. ʻO nā pilikia nui e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa a me ka pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana ma o nā mea a me nā kaʻina hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO nā mea hou koʻikoʻi, e like me nā mea pale i ka makū a me ke kinoea, nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻoikaika i ke kūpaʻa, nā papa passivation, a me nā lako holomua, he mea nui ia no ka lanakila ʻana i kēia mau pilikia. ʻO nā holomua ma kēia mau wahi e hoʻokele i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻoihana, me nā huahana PV i hoʻolaha ʻia a me nā huahana mea kūʻai aku e lawelawe paha ma ke ʻano he mau hiʻohiʻona noi mua.
Nā Kelepona Tandem: He Kī i ka Wehe ʻana i ka Pono
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā cell junction hoʻokahi, hāʻawi nā hoʻonohonoho tandem i ka pono kiʻekiʻe. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ke holomua wikiwiki nei nā cell tandem ʻehā-terminal silicon-perovskite i ke kūʻai aku ʻana ma muli o ko lākou ʻano maʻalahi a me nā pono hoʻonui pono no nā cell silicon crystalline. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā cell tandem ʻelua-terminal, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke ʻano o ke kelepona a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka ʻenehana HJT. Hōʻike nā cell tandem full-perovskite i ka hopena hope loa, e hāʻawi ana i ka pono kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻokūkū a me ka Hana Pū ʻana
Ua alakaʻi nā paionia silicon amorphous, e like me GCL Optoelectronics, Xinnano, a me Microquanta, i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka perovskite, me ka manaʻo e komo i ka ʻoihana PV ma o kēia ʻenehana hou. I kēia manawa, ua komo nā ʻoihana silicon crystalline kuʻuna i ka heihei ma hope iki, e kālele ana i nā ʻenehana tandem e hoʻonui i ka pono o nā cell silicon crystalline e kū nei.
Ke kū nei nā ʻoihana silicon amorphous i nā palena kālā a hiki ke hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā cell tandem ʻehā-terminal e hōʻoia i ka hoʻihoʻi wikiwiki ʻana. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e alualu paha nā ʻoihana silicon crystalline i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻoihana perovskite hou e hoʻohui i kā lākou holomua, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻoihana.
ʻOiai ko lākou hoʻokūkū, kaʻana like nā ʻoihana silicon crystalline a me amorphous i kahi pahuhopu like: ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻoihana ʻenehana perovskite. Manaʻo ʻia e lanakila nā hana hui pū i ka wā kokoke, ʻoiai e hana ana nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hiki piha o nā noi perovskite ma ka ʻāpana photovoltaic.
