Maselo a photovoltaic adutsa mibadwo itatu ya chitukuko cha ukadaulo:
Mbadwo Woyamba: Ukadaulo wa Crystalline Silicon
Izi zimachokera ku silicon ngati chinthu chachikulu, chomwe chili ndi ukadaulo monga BSF, PERC, TOPCon, HJT, ndi IBC.
Mbadwo Wachiwiri: Ukadaulo wa Mafilimu Ochepa
Maselo opyapyala a thin-film omwe akuimiridwa ndi zinthu monga Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), ndi Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), akhala akuvutika kupikisana ndi crystalline silicon chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso ndalama zambiri (zoposa $2 biliyoni pa GW iliyonse ya ndalama zomwe zayikidwa). Pakadali pano, gawo lawo pamsika ndi lochepera 5%.
Mbadwo Wachitatu: Maselo a Perovskite ndi Organic Dzuwa
Mbadwo uno, womwe ukulamuliridwa ndi maselo a dzuwa a perovskite, wawona chitukuko chachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Umaonedwa ngati ukadaulo wodalirika womwe ungapambane maselo a silicon a crystalline ngati chitukuko chotsatira cha photovoltaics.
Kupita Patsogolo pa Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera kwa Kutembenuza Maselo a Photovoltaic
Poyerekeza ndi silicon yopangidwa ndi kristalo, maselo a perovskite amapereka mphamvu zambiri zongoganizira komanso ndalama zochepa zopangira. Maselo a perovskite omwe ali ndi mgwirizano umodzi ndi tandem ali ndi mphamvu zongoganizira za 33% ndi 45%, motsatana, zomwe zimaposa denga la silicon yopangidwa ndi kristalo. Pazachuma, mtengo wa nthawi yayitali wa ma module a perovskite omwe ali ndi mgwirizano umodzi ukuyembekezeka kukhala 0.5–0.6 RMB/W, wotsika kwambiri kuposa silicon yopangidwa ndi kristalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale malo ofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa photovoltaic mtsogolo.
Ngakhale maselo a perovskite akadali kumayambiriro kwa mafakitale, makampani onse a crystalline ndi amorphous silicon akuyika ndalama mwachangu mu gawoli. Magwero osiyanasiyana a ndalama nawonso alowa pamsika, zomwe zapangitsa chidwi chachikulu komanso kufulumizitsa malonda.
Mavuto ndi Njira Yopititsira Malonda
Maselo a Perovskite akukumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kukhazikika ndi njira zopangira, zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa kuti pakhale kupanga kwakukulu. Mizere yoyesera yopanga yomwe ilipo pakadali pano ikadali mu gawo loyesera. Zopinga zazikulu zikuphatikizapo kukonza kukhazikika ndi magwiridwe antchito osinthira kudzera muzinthu ndi njira zabwino. Zatsopano zazikulu, monga zinthu zosagwira chinyezi ndi mpweya, zowonjezera kuti ziwonjezere kukhazikika, zigawo zosasunthika, ndi zida zapamwamba, ndizofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi zopinga izi. Kupambana m'magawo awa kudzayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale, ndi PV yogawidwa ndi zinthu zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zingakhale ngati zochitika zoyambira kugwiritsa ntchito.
Maselo Ogwirizana: Chinsinsi Chotsegula Bwino
Poyerekeza ndi maselo olumikizana amodzi, ma tandem configurations amapereka mphamvu zambiri. Pakati pa izi, maselo a silicon-perovskite four-terminal tandem cells akupita patsogolo mwachangu kupita ku malonda chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo kosavuta komanso ubwino wowonjezera mphamvu ya maselo a silicon a crystalline. Maselo a terminal tandem awiri, ngakhale kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri, amapangitsa kuti kapangidwe ka maselo kakhale kosavuta ndipo ndi oyenera kwambiri kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ukadaulo wa HJT. Maselo a full-perovskite tandem cells ndi omwe amayimira yankho labwino kwambiri, omwe amapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso ndalama zochepa.
Mpikisano ndi Mgwirizano
Makampani opanga ma silicon a Amorphous, monga GCL Optoelectronics, Xinnano, ndi Microquanta, atsogolera pakukula kwa perovskite, cholinga chawo ndi kulowa mumakampani opanga ma PV kudzera muukadaulo watsopanowu. Pakadali pano, makampani achikhalidwe opanga ma silicon a crystalline alowa mpikisanowu pang'ono pambuyo pake, akuyang'ana kwambiri ukadaulo wa tandem kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito a maselo a silicon a crystalline omwe alipo.
Makampani a silicon osasinthika akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma ndipo angafulumizitse chitukuko cha maselo anayi a tandem kuti atsimikizire kuti abwerera mwachangu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makampani a silicon opangidwa ndi crystalline mwina akufuna kugula makampani atsopano a perovskite kuti aphatikize patsogolo chitukuko chawo, zomwe zingapangitse kuti makampani agwirizane.
Ngakhale kuti akupikisana, makampani a silicon opangidwa ndi kristalo ndi amorphous ali ndi cholinga chimodzi: kupititsa patsogolo mafakitale a ukadaulo wa perovskite. Kugwirizana kukuyembekezeka kukhala kopambana posachedwa, pamene mbali zonse ziwiri zikugwira ntchito kuti zikwaniritse kuthekera konse kwa ntchito za perovskite mu gawo la photovoltaic.
