Uturemangingo tw’izuba tw’amatara (photovoltaic cells) twanyuze mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu bisekuru bitatu:
Igisekuru cya mbere: Ikoranabuhanga rya Crystalline Silicon
Ibi bishingiye kuri silikoni nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi, birimo ikoranabuhanga nka BSF, PERC, TOPCon, HJT, na IBC.
Igisekuru cya Kabiri: Ikoranabuhanga rya Filimi Nto
Bihagarariwe n'ibikoresho nka Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), na Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), uturemangingo tw’urusenda duto twagowe no guhangana na siliconi ya kristali bitewe n’imikorere mike n’ibiciro biri hejuru (hafi miliyari 2 z’amadolari kuri buri gishoro cya GW). Kuri ubu, isoko ryabo riri munsi ya 5%.
Igisekuru cya Gatatu: Uturemangingo twa Perovskite na Organic Solar
Iki gisekuru cyiganjemo utunyangingo tw’izuba twa perovskite, cyabonye iterambere ryihuse mu myaka ya vuba aha. Gifatwa nk'ikoranabuhanga ryiza rishobora kurenga utunyangingo twa silikoni twa kristu nk'iterambere rikurikira mu bijyanye n'izuba rya photovoltaic.
Intambwe mu mikorere myiza y'ihinduka ry'uturemangingo tw'izuba
Ugereranyije na silikoni ya kristu, uturemangingo twa perovskite dutanga umusaruro mwinshi mu bijyanye n’imitekerereze n’ibiciro byo gukora biri hasi. Uturemangingo twa perovskite duhuza imiterere imwe n’iya tandem dufite ubushobozi bwo mu bitekerezo bwa 33% na 45%, uko bikurikirana, biruta igipimo cya silikoni ya kristu. Mu bukungu, ikiguzi cy’igihe kirekire cya module za perovskite zihuza imiterere imwe giteganijwe kuri 0.5–0.6 RMB/W, kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije na silikoni ya kristu, bigatuma iba ingenzi mu iterambere ry’izuba mu gihe kizaza.
Nubwo utunyangingo twa perovskite tukiri mu ntangiriro z’inganda, amasosiyete ya silikoni yaba adafite kristalo n’ay’adafite imiterere arimo gushora imari muri uru rwego. Isoko ry’imari n’imigabane itandukanye ryinjiye ku isoko, bitera inyungu nyinshi kandi byihutisha ubucuruzi.
Imbogamizi n'inzira yo kugera ku bucuruzi
Uturemangingo twa Perovskite duhura n'imbogamizi zijyanye n'uburyo bwo gutuza no gukora, bigomba gukemurwa kugira ngo umusaruro ugere ku musaruro munini. Imiterere y'igerageza iriho ubu iracyari mu cyiciro cy'igerageza. Imbogamizi z'ingenzi zirimo kunoza uburyo bwo gutuza no guhindura ibintu binyuze mu bikoresho n'imikorere myiza. Udushya tw'ingenzi, nk'ibikoresho birwanya ubushuhe na gaze, inyongeramusaruro zo kongera ubusugire, ibice bikoresha umwuka, n'ibikoresho bigezweho, ni ingenzi mu gutsinda izi mbogamizi. Impinduka muri ibi bice zizatera imbaraga mu nganda, aho PV ikwirakwizwa n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa ku rwego rwo hejuru bishobora kuba nk'uburyo bwa mbere bwo kubikoresha.
Utunyangingo twa Tandem: Urufunguzo rwo gufungura neza
Ugereranyije n'uturemangingo tw’amahuriro amwe, imiterere ya tandem itanga umusaruro mwinshi. Muri two, uturemangingo twa silicon-perovskite tune-terminal tandem turimo gutera imbere vuba mu bucuruzi bitewe n'imiterere yatwo yoroshye n'inyungu zo kongera umusaruro w'uturemangingo twa silicon dukozwe muri crystalline. Uturemangingo tw’amahuriro tubiri, nubwo tugoye cyane, tworoshya imiterere y’uturemangingo kandi tuba dukwiye guhuza n'ikoranabuhanga rya HJT. Uturemangingo tw’amahuriro tugizwe na perovskite ni igisubizo cy’ingenzi, gitanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi gihendutse.
Irushanwa n'Ubufatanye
Abahanga mu iterambere rya silicon idafite isura nziza, nka GCL Optoelectronics, Xinnano, na Microquanta, ni bo bayoboye iterambere rya perovskite, bagamije kwinjira mu nganda za PV binyuze muri iri koranabuhanga rishya. Hagati aho, amasosiyete asanzwe ya silicon idafite isura nziza yinjiye muri iri rushanwa nyuma gato, yibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rya tandem kugira ngo yongere imikorere myiza y’uturemangingo twa silicon dusanzweho.
Ibigo bya silikoni bidafite imiterere ihagije bihura n’ibibazo by’ubukungu kandi bishobora kwihutisha iterambere rya selile enye zifite imiterere ingana na terminale kugira ngo bigaruke vuba. Ku rundi ruhande, ibigo bya silikoni bifite kristali bishobora gushaka ibigo bishya bya perovskite kugira ngo bihuze iterambere ryabyo, biganisha ku guhuza inganda.
Nubwo bahanganye, amasosiyete ya silikoni akozwe muri kristale na amorphous asangiye intego imwe: guteza imbere inganda mu ikoranabuhanga rya perovskite. Biteganijwe ko imbaraga z'ubufatanye zizaganza mu gihe cya vuba, mu gihe impande zombi zikora kugira ngo zigere ku bushobozi bwose bwa perovskite mu rwego rwa photovoltaic.
