1. Menene ESS? Duba Tsarin Ajiyar Makamashi
Ajiyar makamashi tsari ne na canza makamashi zuwa wani nau'i wanda zai iya wanzuwa a yanayi mafi aminci sannan a ajiye shi ta hanyar da za ta samar da shi lokacin da ake buƙata. Lokacin da ake ƙirƙirar makamashi, canzawa, motsa shi, da amfani da shi, sau da yawa akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin wadata da buƙata dangane da adadi, siffa, yaduwa, da lokaci. Amfani da fasahar adana makamashi don adanawa da sakin makamashi na iya daidaita waɗannan bambance-bambancen. Wannan zai sa samar da makamashi da buƙata su zama daidai kuma su haɓaka ingancin makamashi. Ana iya sanya kuzarin injiniya, makamashin zafi, makamashin sinadarai, makamashin radiation (haske), makamashin lantarki, makamashin nukiliya, da sauran nau'ikan makamashi cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Baya ga makamashin haske, ana iya adana duk sauran nau'ikan makamashi a cikin nau'ikan da aka saba. Misali, ana iya adana makamashin injiniya azaman makamashin motsi ko makamashin yuwuwa, ana iya adana makamashin lantarki azaman makamashin filin da aka haifar ko makamashin filin lantarki, ana iya adana makamashin zafi azaman zafi mai ɓoye ko zafi mai ma'ana, kuma makamashin nukiliya tsari ne na ajiyar makamashi. Daga cikin hanyoyi daban-daban na adana makamashi akwai ajiyar famfo, ajiyar iska mai matsewa, ajiyar flywheel, ajiyar baturi, ajiyar zafi, da ajiyar hydrogen.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da batura sosai don adana makamashi a cikin ƙananan na'urori saboda su kayayyaki ne masu girma waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa sosai a aiki. Akwai sassa da yawa a cikin tsarin adana makamashin batir, galibi sun haɗa da fakitin batirin adana makamashi, tsarin sarrafa batir (BMS), na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta mataki-mataki, na'urar sauya wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki (PCS), tsarin bin diddigin ajiyar makamashi, da wasu sassa. Lokacin da grid ɗin ya faɗi, ana iya canza tsarin adana makamashi daga haɗawa da grid zuwa aiki ba tare da grid ba. Sannan yana aiki azaman tushen wutar lantarki na madadin ga dukkan tsarin microgrid, yana kiyaye ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu a tsaye lokacin da ba a haɗa shi da grid ɗin ba.
2. Zaɓar batirin adana makamashi
2.1 Batirin da ke ɗauke da gubar carbon
Batirin Lead-carbon sabuwar na'urar adana makamashi ce da aka ƙera ta hanyar ƙara kayan carbon masu ƙarfin capacitive zuwa ga electrode mara kyau na batirin lead-acid na yau da kullun. Ana iya yin hakan ko dai "ciki da" ko "gauraye a ciki." Batirin Lead-carbon suna kama da batirin lead-acid na yau da kullun da kuma manyan capacitors. Suna iya sa batirin lead-acid na yau da kullun su yi aiki mafi kyau ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma waɗannan wasu daga cikin fa'idodin kimiyya ne:
1. yawan caji mai yawa;
2. Tsawon lokacin zagayowar ya ninka na batirin gubar-acid sau 4-5;
3. ingantaccen tsaro;
4. yawan amfani da batirin da ke sake farfadowa (har zuwa 97%), wanda ya fi na sauran batirin sinadarai girma; kayan aiki da yawa, ƙarancin farashi, sau 1.5 na batirin da ke da gubar-acid na yau da kullun; kuma farashin batirin da ke da gubar-acid na yau da kullun ya ninka waɗannan batirin sau 1.5. Ya fi ƙarfin batirin da ke da gubar-acid na yau da kullun sau 1.5.
Aikin batirin gubar-carbon ya inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da batirin gubar-acid na gargajiya. Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a san rawar da babban sinadarin carbon ke takawa wajen inganta aikin batirin gubar-carbon ba. Ƙara kayan carbon na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri, kamar electrode mara kyau wanda ke haifar da hydrogen da kuma asarar ruwan batirin, don haka wannan batu ne da ake buƙatar magancewa.
Batirin lithium 2.2
A cikin tsarin caji da fitar da bayanai, batirin lithium-ion yana amfani da sinadarai masu ɗauke da lithium a matsayin anode mai kyau. Babu ƙarfen lithium a cikin batirin lithium-ion.
Batirin lithium-ion yana da electrode mai kyau wanda aka yi da mahaɗan lithium, kamar lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), lithium manganate (LiMn2O4), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), da sauran kayan sassa biyu ko uku. An yi electrode mara kyau da mahaɗan lithium-carbon masu layi ɗaya, kamar graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, da lithium titanate.
Batirin Lithium-ion yana da fa'idodi guda biyu masu ban mamaki, ɗaya shine yawan adana makamashi, ɗayan kuma shine yawan wutar lantarki. Sauran fa'idodin sun haɗa da ingantaccen aiki, amfani mai yawa, kulawa mai yawa, saurin ci gaban kimiyya, da kuma sarari mai yawa don girma. ① Saboda ana amfani da sinadarai masu amfani da wutar lantarki, akwai manyan haɗarin aminci; aminci yana buƙatar ya fi kyau.
2.3 Zaɓar batirin ajiyar makamashi
Duba bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan batirin adana makamashi guda biyu dangane da zurfin fitar da su, yanayin zafin da za su iya aiki a ciki, da kuma tsawon lokacin zagayowar su.
Teburin da ke sama ya nuna cewa batirin gubar-carbon yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin zagayowar kuma yana fitar da hydrogen, wanda hakan yana da haɗari. A gefe guda kuma, batirin lithium iron phosphate na iya aiki a yanayin zafi daban-daban kuma yana da tsawon lokacin zagayowar mai yawa, ingancin canja wurin makamashi, da yawan kuzari.
Saboda wannan dalili, batirin ajiyar lithium iron phosphate shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga yawancin ayyukan adana makamashi.
