1. Kuyini i-ESS? Ukubheka Uhlelo Lokugcina Amandla
Ukugcinwa kwamandla inqubo yokushintsha amandla abe uhlobo olungaba khona emvelweni ngokwethembeka kakhudlwana bese uwagcina ngendlela ewenza atholakale lapho edingeka. Lapho amandla edalwa, eshintshwa, ehanjiswa, futhi esetshenziswa, kuvame ukuba nomehluko phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo ngokwenani, ukuma, ukusabalala, kanye nesikhathi. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ukugcina nokukhulula amandla kungalinganisa lomehluko. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesidingo kulingane futhi kukhulise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Amandla omshini, amandla okushisa, amandla amakhemikhali, amandla okukhanya (ukukhanya), amandla kagesi, amandla enuzi, zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamandla zingafakwa emaqenjini ahlukene. Ngaphezu kwamandla akhanyayo, zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamandla zingagcinwa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile. Isibonelo, amandla omshini angagcinwa njengamandla e-kinetic noma angaba khona, amandla kagesi angagcinwa njengamandla ensimu abangelwayo noma amandla ensimu kagesi, amandla okushisa angagcinwa njengokushisa okucashile noma ukushisa okunengqondo, kanti amandla enuzi ayindlela emsulwa yokugcina amandla. Phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukene zokugcina amandla kukhona isitoreji esipompiwe, isitoreji somoya ocindezelwe, isitoreji se-flywheel, isitoreji sebhethri, isitoreji sokushisa, kanye nesitoreji se-hydrogen.
Okwamanje, amabhethri asetshenziswa kakhulu ukugcina amandla kuma-microgrid ngoba ayimpahla evuthiwe enolwazi oluningi lokusebenza. Kunezingxenye eziningana ohlelweni lokugcina amandla ebhethri, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa iphakethe lebhethri lokugcina amandla, uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (i-BMS), i-step-up transformer, idivayisi yokuguqula isitoreji samandla ezinhlangothi ezimbili (i-PCS), uhlelo lokulandelela isitoreji samandla, kanye nezinye izingxenye. Lapho igridi iwa, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungashintshwa kusukela ekuxhunyweni kugridi luye ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kwegridi. Lube selusebenza njengomthombo wamandla okusekelayo wohlelo lonke lwegridi, lugcina i-voltage kanye nogesi kuzinzile uma kungaxhunywanga kugridi.
2. Ukukhetha ibhethri lokugcina amandla
2.1 Ibhethri elinekhabhoni ye-lead
Ibhethri le-lead-carbon uhlobo olusha lwedivayisi yokugcina amandla eyenziwe ngokungeza izinto ze-carbon ezinezimfanelo zokuphatha amandla ku-electrode engemihle yebhethri le-lead-acid elijwayelekile. Lokhu kungenziwa "ngaphakathi" noma "kuxutshwe ngaphakathi." Amabhethri e-lead-carbon afana namabhethri e-lead-acid ajwayelekile kanye nama-super capacitor. Angenza amabhethri e-lead-acid ajwayelekile asebenze kangcono ngezindlela eziningi, futhi lezi ezinye zezinzuzo zawo zesayensi:
1. isiphindaphindi sokushaja okuphezulu;
2. Impilo yomjikelezo iphindwe ka-4-5 kuneyamabhethri ajwayelekile e-lead-acid;
3. ukuphepha okuhle;
4. ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kokuvuselelwa (kufika ku-97%), okuphakeme kakhulu kunamanye amabhethri amakhemikhali; izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa, izindleko eziphansi, izikhathi ezingu-1.5 zamabhethri ajwayelekile e-lead-acid; kanti izindleko zamabhethri ajwayelekile e-lead-acid cishe ziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.5 kunalawa mabhethri. Amandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.5 kunebhethri elijwayelekile le-lead-acid.
Ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-lead-carbon kuthuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid endabuko. Kodwa-ke, akukacaci ukuthi iyiphi indima edlalwa yizinto eziyinhloko ze-carbon ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-lead-carbon. Ukwengeza izinto ze-carbon kungaba nemiphumela emibi, njenge-electrode engemihle ebangela i-hydrogen kanye nokulahlekelwa amanzi yibhethri, ngakho-ke lena yinkinga okudingeka ixazululwe.
2.2 Ibhethri le-lithium
Enqubweni yokushaja nokukhipha, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenzisa amakhemikhali aqukethe i-lithium njenge-anode enhle. Akukho metal ye-lithium kumabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ane-electrode enhle eyenziwe ngamakhemikhali aqukethe i-lithium, njenge-lithium cobaltate (LiCo2), i-lithium manganate (LiMn2O4), i-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), nezinye izinto ezinezingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu. I-electrode engemihle yenziwe ngamakhemikhali ahlanganisa i-lithium-carbon, njenge-graphite, i-soft carbon, i-hard carbon, kanye ne-lithium titanate.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezinzuzo ezimbili ezivelele, enye iwukuba namandla okugcina amandla aphezulu, enye iwukuba namandla amaningi. Ezinye izinzuzo zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi, ukunaka okukhulu, intuthuko yesayensi esheshayo, kanye nendawo enkulu yokukhula. ① Ngenxa yokuthi kusetshenziswa ama-electrolyte amakhemikhali, kunezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha; ukuphepha kudingeka kube ngcono.
2.3 Ukukhetha ibhethri lokugcina amandla
Ukubheka umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri okugcina amandla ngokuya ngokuthi angakhishwa kangakanani, izinga lokushisa angasebenza kulo, kanye nokuphila komjikelezo wawo.
Ithebula elingenhla libonisa ukuthi amabhethri e-lead-carbon anempilo emfushane yomjikelezo futhi akhipha i-hydrogen, okuyingozi. Amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angasebenza emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene futhi abe nokuphila komjikelezo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwamandla, kanye nokuminyana kwamandla.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amabhethri okugcina i-lithium iron phosphate ayisinqumo esingcono kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amaningi okugcina amandla.
