1. He aha te ESS? He Tirohanga ki te Pūnaha Rokiroki Pūngao
Ko te penapena pūngao te tukanga o te whakarerekē i te pūngao ki tētahi āhua ka taea te noho pono i roto i te taiao, kātahi ka pupuri i roto i tētahi huarahi e wātea ai ina hiahiatia. Ina hangaia, e whakarerekētia ana, e nekehia ana, e whakamahia ana hoki te pūngao, he maha ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te tuku me te tono e pā ana ki te nui, te āhua, te horapa, me te wā. Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau penapena pūngao hei penapena me te tuku pūngao ka taea te whakataurite i ēnei rerekētanga. Mā tēnei ka ōrite ake te tuku me te tono pūngao, ā, ka whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Ka taea te wehewehe i te pūngao miihini, te pūngao wera, te pūngao matū, te pūngao hihi (mārama), te pūngao hikohiko, te pūngao karihi, me ētahi atu momo pūngao ki ngā rōpū rerekē. Haunga te pūngao hihi, ka taea te penapena i ngā momo pūngao katoa i roto i ngā āhua paerewa. Hei tauira, ka taea te penapena i te pūngao miihini hei pūngao nekeneke, hei pūngao pūmanawa rānei, ka taea te penapena i te pūngao hiko hei pūngao mara whakaoho, hei pūngao mara hikohiko rānei, ka taea te penapena i te pūngao wera hei wera huna, hei wera aro rānei, ā, ko te pūngao karihi he momo penapena pūngao parakore. I roto i ngā huarahi rerekē ki te penapena pūngao ko te penapena papu, te penapena hau kōpeke, te penapena wira rere, te penapena pākahiko, te penapena wera, me te penapena hauwai.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā pākahiko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei penapena pūngao i roto i ngā whatunga iti nā te mea he taonga kua pakeke me te nui o ngā wheako mahi. He maha ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao pākahiko, ko te nuinga ko te kete pākahiko rokiroki pūngao, te pūnaha whakahaere pākahiko (BMS), te whakawhiti hiko-whakaara, te taputapu whakawhiti rua-aronga rokiroki pūngao (PCS), te pūnaha aroturuki rokiroki pūngao, me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ina hinga te whatunga, ka taea te whakawhiti i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao mai i te hono atu ki te whatunga ki te mahi me te kore he whatunga. Kātahi ka mahi hei puna hiko tārua mō te pūnaha whatunga iti katoa, ka pupuri i te pumau o te ngaohiko me te iahiko ina kore e hono atu ki te whatunga.
2. Te whiriwhiri i tētahi pākahiko rokiroki hiko
2.1 Pūhiko me te waro mata
He momo taputapu rokiroki pūngao hou te pākahiko waro-mata, i hangaia mā te tāpiri i ngā rauemi waro me ngā āhuatanga kaha ki te irahiko kino o te pākahiko waikawa-mata noa. Ka taea tēnei te mahi "ā-roto" me te "whakaranu ā-roto" rānei. He rite ngā pākahiko waro-mata ki ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata noa me ngā pūnga kaha nui. Ka taea e rātou te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata noa i roto i ngā huarahi maha, ā, koinei ētahi o ō rātou painga pūtaiao:
1. te whakarea utu teitei;
2. ko te roa o te huringa he 4-5 ngā wā i tō ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata noa;
3. he haumaru pai;
4. te whakamahinga whakaora nui (tae atu ki te 97%), he nui ake i ērā o ētahi atu pākahiko matū; he nui ngā rauemi mata, he iti te utu, 1.5 ngā wā o te utu o ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata noa; ā, ko te utu o ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata noa he tata ki te 1.5 ngā wā o te utu o ēnei pākahiko. 1.5 ngā wā kaha ake i te pākahiko waikawa-mata noa.
Kua tino pai ake te mahi a ngā pākahiko waro-mata ki te whakataurite ki ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata tuku iho. Heoi, kāore anō kia mārama te mahi a te rauemi waro matua ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā pākahiko waro-mata. Ka pā kino pea te tāpiri i ngā rauemi waro, pērā i te hiko kino e whakaoho ana i te hauwai me te ngaronga o te wai o te pākahiko, nō reira he take tēnei me aro atu.
2.2 Pūhiko lithium
I roto i te tukanga utu me te tango i te hiko, ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko lithium-ion ngā matū kei roto ko te lithium hei anode pai. Kāore he konganuku lithium i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion.
He hiko pai ngā pākahiko lithium-ion i hangaia mai i ngā matū kei roto te lithium, pērā i te lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), te lithium manganate (LiMn2O4), te lithium rino phosphate (LiFePO4), me ētahi atu rauemi e rua, e toru rānei ngā wāhanga. Ko te hiko kino he mea hanga mai i ngā matū i waenga i ngā paparanga lithium-waro, pērā i te graphite, te waro ngohengohe, te waro mārō, me te lithium titanate.
E rua ngā painga nui o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, ko tētahi he nui te kaha rokiroki pūngao, ko tētahi he kaha mana. Ko ētahi atu painga ko te tino whai hua, te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga, te aro nui, te tere o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te nui o te wāhi hei tipu. ① Nā te mea e whakamahia ana ngā matū electrolytes, he nui ngā mōrearea haumaru; me whakapai ake te haumaru.
2.3 Te whiriwhiri i tētahi pākahiko rokiroki hiko
He tirohanga ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei momo pākahiko rokiroki pūngao e rua, e pā ana ki te hohonu o te tukunga atu, te awhe pāmahana ka taea te mahi, me te roa o te huringa.
E whakaatu ana te ripanga i runga ake nei he poto te roa o te huringa o ngā pākahiko waro-mata, ā, ka tukuna he hauwai, he mea morearea. I tetahi atu ringa, ka taea e ngā pākahiko phosphate rino lithium te mahi i roto i ngā momo pāmahana, ā, he roa te huringa o te ora, he pai te whakawhiti pūngao, me te kiato pūngao.
Nā konei, ko ngā pākahiko rokiroki konukōhatu rino pākawa waro te whiringa pai rawa atu mō te nuinga o ngā kaupapa rokiroki pūngao.
