1. Chii chinonzi ESS? Kutarisa Sisitimu Yekuchengetera Simba
Kuchengetedza simba inzira yekushandura simba kuita chimiro chinogona kuvapo mune zvakasikwa zvakavimbika wozorichengeta nenzira inoita kuti riwanikwe kana richidikanwa. Kana simba richigadzirwa, richichinjwa, richifambiswa, uye richishandiswa, kazhinji pane musiyano pakati pekuwanikwa uye kudiwa maererano nehuwandu, chimiro, kupararira, nenguva. Kushandisa tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba kuchengetedza nekuburitsa simba kunogona kuenzana mutsauko uyu. Izvi zvichaita kuti kupihwa kwesimba nekudiwa kuve kwakaenzana uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba. Simba remuchina, simba rekupisa, simba remakemikari, simba remwaranzi (chiedza), simba remagetsi, simba renyukireya, nemamwe marudzi esimba anogona kuiswa mumapoka akasiyana. Kuwedzera kune simba rinopenya, mamwe marudzi ese esimba anogona kuchengetwa mumafomu akajairwa. Semuenzaniso, simba remuchina rinogona kuchengetwa sesimba rekinetic kana potential, simba remagetsi rinogona kuchengetwa sesimba remunda rakakonzerwa kana simba remagetsi, simba rekupisa rinogona kuchengetwa sekupisa kwakavanzika kana kupisa kwakaringana, uye simba renyukireya imhando yakachena yekuchengetedza simba. Pakati penzira dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza simba pane kuchengetwa kwepombi, kuchengetwa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa, kuchengetwa kweflywheel, kuchengetwa kwebhatiri, kuchengetwa kwekupisa, uye kuchengetwa kwehydrogen.
Parizvino, mabhatiri anonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza simba muma microgrids nekuti zvinhu zvakakura zvine ruzivo rwakawanda rwekushanda. Kune zvikamu zvakati wandei mu battery energy storage system, zvinosanganisira energy storage battery pack, battery management system (BMS), step-up transformer, bi-directional storage energy converter device (PCS), energy storage tracking system, nezvimwe zvikamu. Kana grid yadzikira, energy storage system inogona kuchinjwa kubva pakubatanidzwa ku grid kuenda pakushanda pasina grid. Inoshanda se backup power source ye microgrid system yese, ichichengetedza voltage ne current zvakagadzikana kana isina kubatana ne grid.
2. Kusarudza bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba
2.1 Bhatiri rine kabhoni yemutobvu
Bhatiri reLead-carbon imhando itsva yemudziyo wekuchengetera simba unogadzirwa nekuwedzera zvinhu zvekabhoni zvine capacitive qualities kune negative electrode yebhatiri re lead-acid renguva dzose. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa "mukati uye" kana "mukati memukati." Mabhatiri eLead-carbon akafanana nemabhatiri eLead-acid renguva dzose uye super capacitors. Anogona kuita kuti mabhatiri eLead-acid renguva dzose ashande zviri nani munzira dzakawanda, uye aya ndiwo mamwe emabhenefiti awo esainzi:
1. chinowanza chaji chakanyanya;
2. Hupenyu hwekufamba kwebhatiri hunopfuura ka4-5 kupfuura mabhatiri e lead-acid akajairika;
3. kuchengetedzeka kwakanaka;
4. kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro kwemabhatiri emakemikari (kusvika 97%), akakwira zvikuru kupfuura mamwe mabhatiri emakemikari; zvinhu zvakawanda, mutengo wakaderera, mabhatiri e lead-acid akajairika akapetwa ka1.5; uye mutengo wemabhatiri e lead-acid akajairika wakapetwa ka1.5 kupfuura mabhatiri aya. Akasimba ka1.5 kupfuura bhatiri re lead-acid akajairika.
Kushanda kwemabhatiri ane lead-carbon kwavandudzika zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nemabhatiri ekare ane lead-acid. Zvisinei, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti chinhu chikuru chekabhoni chinoita basa rei mukuvandudza kushanda kwemabhatiri ane lead-carbon. Kuwedzera zvinhu zvine kabhoni kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa, senge electrode isina kunaka inokonzeresa hydrogen uye bhatiri richirasikirwa nemvura, saka iyi inyaya inoda kugadziriswa.
2.2 Bhatiri reLithium
Mukugadzirisa kuchaja nekuburitsa simba, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anoshandisa makemikari ane lithium seanode yakanaka. Hapana lithium metal mumabhatiri e-lithium-ion.
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion ane electrode yakanaka yakagadzirwa nemakomponi ane lithium, akadai seLithium Cobalt (LiCoO2), Lithium Manganate (LiMn2O4), Lithium Iron phosphate (LiFePO4), nezvimwe zvinhu zvine zvikamu zviviri kana zvitatu. Electrode isina kunaka inogadzirwa nemakomponi eLithium-Carbon Interlayer, akadai seGraphite, Soft Carbon, Hard Carbon, uye Lithium Titanate.
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion ane zvakanakira zviviri zvikuru, rimwe nderekuchengetera simba rakawanda, rimwe nderekurema kwesimba. Zvimwe zvakanakira zvinosanganisira kushanda zvakanaka, kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kutarisisa kwakawanda, kufambira mberi kwesainzi nekukurumidza, uye nzvimbo yakakura yekukura. ① Nekuti ma electrolyte emakemikari anoshandiswa, kune njodzi huru dzekuchengetedza; kuchengetedzeka kunofanirwa kuve nani.
2.3 Kusarudza bhatiri rekuchengetera simba
Kutarisa musiyano uripo pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzemabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba maererano nekuti anogona kuburitswa zvakadzika sei, tembiricha yaanogona kushanda mairi, uye hupenyu hwekufamba kwawo.
Tafura iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti mabhatiri e lead-carbon ane hupenyu hupfupi hwenguva uye anoburitsa hydrogen, izvo zvine njodzi. Mabhatiri e lithium iron phosphate, kune rumwe rutivi, anogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekupisa uye ane hupenyu hwenguva refu hwenguva, simba rinofambiswa zvakanaka, uye simba rakawanda.
Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, mabhatiri ekuchengetera e-lithium iron phosphate ndiyo sarudzo yakanakisisa kumapurojekiti mazhinji ekuchengetedza simba.
