1. Yintoni i-ESS? Ukujonga iNkqubo yokuGcina Amandla
Ukugcinwa kwamandla yinkqubo yokutshintsha amandla abe yimo enokubakho kwindalo ngokuthembekileyo ngakumbi uze uwagcine ngendlela eyenza afumaneke xa efuneka. Xa amandla edalwa, etshintshwa, eshukunyiswa, kwaye esetyenziswa, kuhlala kukho umahluko phakathi kokunikezelwa kunye nemfuno ngokwexabiso, imo, ukusasazeka, kunye nexesha. Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokugcina amandla ukugcina nokukhulula amandla kunokulinganisa la mahluko. Oku kuya kwenza ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nemfuno kulingane ngakumbi kwaye kunyuse ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Amandla oomatshini, amandla obushushu, amandla ekhemikhali, amandla okukhanya (ukukhanya), amandla ombane, amandla enyukliya, kunye nezinye iintlobo zamandla zinokubekwa kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Ukongeza kumandla akhanyayo, zonke ezinye iintlobo zamandla zinokugcinwa kwiifom eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, amandla oomatshini anokugcinwa njengamandla e-kinetic okanye anokubakho, amandla ombane anokugcinwa njengamandla entsimi abangelwayo okanye amandla entsimi ye-electrostatic, amandla obushushu anokugcinwa njengobushushu obufihlakeleyo okanye ubushushu obuqondakalayo, kwaye amandla enyukliya luhlobo olucocekileyo lokugcina amandla. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla kukho ukugcinwa okupompelweyo, ukugcinwa komoya ocinezelweyo, ukugcinwa kwe-flywheel, ukugcinwa kwebhetri, ukugcinwa kobushushu, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen.
Okwangoku, iibhetri zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukugcina amandla kwii-microgrids kuba zizinto ezivuthiweyo ezinamava amaninzi okusebenza. Kukho iindawo ezininzi kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri, ikakhulu kubandakanya i-energy storage battery pack, inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (BMS), i-step-up transformer, isixhobo sokuguqula amandla esigcina amandla esijikelezileyo (PCS), inkqubo yokulandelela ukugcina amandla, kunye nezinye iindawo. Xa igridi iphela, inkqubo yokugcina amandla inokutshintshwa ukusuka ekuqhagamshelweni kwigridi ukuya ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kwegridi. Emva koko isebenza njengomthombo wamandla ongasemva kwenkqubo ye-microgrid yonke, igcina i-voltage kunye nomsinga uzinzile xa ungaqhagamshelwanga kwigridi.
2. Ukukhetha ibhetri yokugcina amandla
2.1 Ibhetri enekhabhoni yentsimbi
Ibhetri ye-lead-carbon luhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo sokugcina amandla esenziwe ngokongeza izinto ze-carbon ezineempawu ze-capacitive kwi-electrode engalunganga yebhetri eqhelekileyo ye-lead-acid. Oku kungenziwa nokuba "ngaphakathi nangaphakathi" okanye "kuxutywe ngaphakathi." Iibhetri ze-lead-carbon zifana neebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid kunye nee-super capacitors. Zingenza iibhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid zisebenze ngcono kakhulu ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye ezi zezinye zeenzuzo zazo zesayensi:
1. isixhobo sokutshaja esiphezulu;
2. Ubomi bomjikelo buphindwe ka-4-5 kunobebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid;
3. ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo;
4. ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kokuvuselelwa (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-97%), okuphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iibhetri zeekhemikhali; izinto ezininzi ezikrwada, ixabiso eliphantsi, ngokuphindwe ka-1.5 kuneebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid; kwaye ixabiso leebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid limalunga ne-1.5 kuneebhetri ezi. Inamandla ngokuphindwe ka-1.5 kunebhetri eqhelekileyo ye-lead-acid.
Ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lead-carbon kuphucuke kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zemveli ze-lead-acid. Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci ukuba yintoni indima edlalwa zizinto eziphambili ze-carbon ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lead-carbon. Ukongeza izinto ze-carbon kunokuba nemiphumo emibi, njenge-electrode engalunganga ebangela i-hydrogen kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamanzi yibhetri, ngoko ke le yingxaki ekufuneka ijongwe.
Ibhetri yeLithium eyi-2.2
Kwinkqubo yokutshaja nokukhupha itshaja, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zisebenzisa iikhemikhali eziqulethe i-lithium njenge-positive anode. Akukho metal ye-lithium kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zine-electrode entle eyenziwe ngee-compounds ezine-lithium, ezifana ne-lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), i-lithium manganate (LiMn2O4), i-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), kunye nezinye izinto ezinamacandelo amabini okanye amathathu. I-electrode engalunganga yenziwe ngee-compounds ze-lithium-carbon interlayer, ezifana ne-graphite, i-soft carbon, i-hard carbon, kunye ne-lithium titanate.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zineengenelo ezimbini ezibalaseleyo, enye kukuxinana kwamandla, enye kukuxinana kwamandla. Ezinye iingenelo ziquka ukusebenza kakuhle, uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, ingqalelo eninzi, inkqubela phambili yesayensi ekhawulezayo, kunye nendawo eninzi yokukhula. ① Ngenxa yokuba kusetyenziswa ii-electrolytes zeekhemikhali, kukho iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko; ukhuseleko kufuneka lube ngcono.
2.3 Ukukhetha ibhetri yokugcina amandla
Ukujonga umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeebhetri zokugcina amandla ngokubhekiselele ekubeni zinokukhutshwa kangakanani, ubushushu ezinokusebenza kubo, kunye nobomi bomjikelo wazo.
Le theyibhile ingasentla ibonisa ukuba iibhetri ze-lead-carbon zinobomi obufutshane bomjikelo kwaye zikhupha i-hydrogen, nto leyo eyingozi. Iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate, kwelinye icala, zinokusebenza kubushushu obahlukeneyo kwaye zibe nobomi bomjikelo ophezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwamandla, kunye noxinano lwamandla.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iibhetri zokugcina i-lithium iron phosphate zezona zilungileyo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokugcina amandla.
