A tsakiyar sauyin makamashi da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, na'urorin ɗaukar hoto masu rarrabawa (PV) suna sake fasalin yanayin makamashi na duniya cikin sauri a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na makamashi mai tsabta. Tare da ci gaba da kirkire-kirkire na fasaha, ci gaba da tallafawa manufofi, da kuma ƙaruwar buƙatar kasuwa, ɓangaren PV da aka rarraba yana shaida sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci.
1. Modules Masu Ƙarfi Masu Kyau akan Rufin Gida
A ƙarƙashin haɗakar fasahar zamani mai inganci, ƙarfin na'urorin PV yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri, inda samfuran 600W+ da 700W+ suka zama manyan abubuwan da kamfanonin module ke samarwa. Ba wai kawai tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka ɗora a ƙasa suka fi son na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi ba, har ma ana amfani da su cikin sauri don shigar da su a saman rufin. A baje kolin masana'antu, manyan masana'antun na'urori sun tallata manufar "na'urorin 700W+ a kan rufin gidaje."
A cewar waɗannan masana'antun, PV da aka rarraba, musamman shigarwar gidaje, musamman sun fi son na'urorin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi saboda tsarin haya da ake yawan yi inda ake hayar sararin rufin kowace na'ura. Ga masu haɓaka, na'urorin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi ba wai kawai suna rage farashin haya ba, har ma suna rage daidaiton farashin tsarin (BOS), ta haka suna ƙarfafa karɓuwa da su sosai.
2. Muhimman Ci gaba a cikin Modules na N-TOPCon
Saurin sauyawa tsakanin fasahar P-type da N-TOPCon ya bayyana a kasuwar PV da aka rarraba. A cewar kididdigar InfoLink, hannun jarin kasuwa na na'urorin P-type da N-TOPCon sun kasance kusan kashi 71% da 27%, bi da bi, a shekarar 2023. Duk da haka, ana sa ran na'urorin N-TOPCon za su karu da sauri zuwa kashi 79% a wannan shekarar.
A kasuwar da aka rarraba, ra'ayoyin masana'antun na'urori sun nuna cewa kayayyakin N-TOPCon na iya zama sama da kashi 60% na kasuwar PV da aka rarraba a wannan shekarar, tare da saurin sake zagayowar ya wuce tsammanin da ake tsammani.
3. Bukatun Kasuwa Iri-iri Suna Samun Kulawa
Bambancin yanayin PV da aka rarraba yana nuna buƙatun samfura daban-daban, wanda ke sa masana'antun su ci gaba da ƙirƙira sabbin abubuwa. Misali, magance matsalar tarin ƙura a cikin masana'antun PV da aka rarraba, kamfanoni kamar LONGi, Jinko, da Trina sun gabatar da kayan hana ƙura. Don yanayin danshi da zafi, LONGi ta ƙaddamar da sabbin samfuran da ke jure da danshi.
Bugu da ƙari, na'urori masu sauƙin sassauƙa masu sauƙi suna jan hankali, tare da manyan kamfanoni ciki har da Nanjing Daily Photovoltaic, SunMan, da Pinsine Solar. A cewar waɗannan kamfanoni, manyan kasuwannin na'urori masu sauƙin sassauƙa masu sauƙi sun haɗa da rufin da ke da ƙuntatawa na kaya da gine-gine masu lanƙwasa. A halin yanzu, waɗannan na'urori na iya kaiwa har zuwa 500W+ a cikin wutar lantarki amma farashinsu ya ninka na na'urori na yau da kullun sau biyu.
4. Damuwa Game da Inganci A Tsakanin Yaƙe-yaƙen Farashi
Tun daga rabin shekarar da ta gabata, saboda rage yawan amfani da na'urori da kuma gasar kasuwa, farashin na'urorin PV ya fadi, inda farashin na'urorin P-type ya fadi kasa da 0.8 RMB a kowace watt kafin karshen shekarar da ta gabata. A bikin baje kolin PV na Shandong da aka yi kwanan nan, wasu kamfanoni sun yi tallan "modules na 0.7+ RMB/W." Duk da haka, mahalarta baje kolin sun bayyana cewa wasu kayayyaki ba su cimma matsakaicin karfin da aka tallata ba. Duk da cewa farashin zai iya sauka zuwa 0.6 RMB/W ko ma kasa da haka, bin ka'ida da ingancin wadannan kayayyakin abin tambaya ne.
Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci ga masu zuba jari da masu hannun jari na PV da aka rarraba su zaɓi samfuran da suka dace sosai kuma su duba ingancin kayan aikin sosai don guje wa asara mara amfani.
5. Masu Canza Kasuwanci da Masana'antu Masu Ƙarfi Mafi Girma
Domin ƙara rage farashin tsarin, inverters na kasuwanci da na masana'antu suna ƙaura daga manyan ƙarfin lantarki na 110kW da 125kW zuwa manyan matakan wutar lantarki, kamar 150kW. Kamfanoni kamar Sungrow, TBEA, Hiconics, da Growatt sun nuna inverters na kasuwanci na 150kW. Don ɗaukar manyan na'urori masu ƙarfi, ƙarfin shigar inverters na ci gaba da ƙaruwa, tare da inverters na wasu manyan kamfanoni na 110kW waɗanda suka kai matsakaicin ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki na 64 amps.
6. Yi sauri don Haɗin Grid
Ra'ayoyin masana'antun kayan aiki da masu haɓaka kayan aiki sun nuna cewa babban abin da ke haifar da saurin farfaɗo da kasuwancin PV da aka rarraba shine gaggawar haɗin grid.
Tun daga rabin shekarar da ta gabata, larduna da dama, ciki har da Hebei, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Henan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, da Fujian, sun bayar da gargaɗi game da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin haɗin grid ɗin PV da aka rarraba. A wurare da yawa, sabon ƙarfin aiki ba ya samuwa. Sakamakon haka, haɗin grid ya zama sabon ma'auni don gasar PV da aka rarraba, tare da ƙarfin ɗaukar grid ya zama muhimmin abu da ke iyakance sabbin shigarwa.
7. Gasar Tsarin Dandalin Mai Tsanani
A gefe guda, akwai ƙarancin ƙarfin shanye wutar lantarki; a gefe guda kuma, akwai ƙaruwar kamfanonin ci gaba. A bikin baje kolin Shandong kaɗai, akwai kamfanonin dandamali na PV sama da 30 da aka rarraba, tun daga masu haɓaka PV na gargajiya kamar Chint Aneng, sashin zama na Trina Solar, da sashin makamashi mai wayo na JA Solar zuwa kamfanonin kayan aikin gida kamar Skyworth PV, Haier Solar, TCL PV Technology, da Midea. Kamfanonin dandamali na gida suma suna faɗaɗa kasuwancinsu.
Dangane da tsarin kasuwanci da mafita, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da cikakken biyan kuɗi don shigarwar gidaje, ginin haɗin gwiwa, hayar aiki, hayar tsarkakken haya, kwangilolin gudanar da makamashi na kasuwanci (EMC), jarin masu shi, fa'idodin da ba su da sinadarin carbon, da kuma kuɗin fito mai cike da abinci. Maganganu sun haɗa da rufin da ke da lebur, rufin da ke da gangara, canza rufin daga lebur zuwa gangara, inuwar rana, da kuma na'urorin ɗaukar hoto na gini (BIPV). Gasar da ake yi tsakanin dandamali tana da ƙarfi, tana bambanta daga tsari zuwa ayyuka.
8. Karin Kudaden Tashoshi
Babban gasa tsakanin dandamali da albarkatun rufin da aka rarraba a ko'ina yana haifar da dogaro mai yawa ga abokan hulɗar tashoshi da kuma ƙaruwar kuɗin tashoshi. An ruwaito cewa, a kasuwar PV ta gidaje a Shandong, kuɗin tsaka-tsaki na panel PV guda ɗaya ya tashi zuwa RMB 300-400 a bara, wanda ya ninka na baya.
Ga ayyukan tsaka-tsaki na kasuwanci da na masana'antu a rufin gidaje, wasu kamfanoni a bikin baje kolin Shandong sun bayyana cewa za a biya kuɗin "0.05-0.3 RMB/W."
9. Yanayin Confluence Mai Mahimmanci Yana Samun Hankali
Ganin yadda ake takaita yawan amfani da na'urorin PV saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin haɗin grid, gwamnati da masu haɓaka suna binciken hanyoyin samun nasara. Sakamakon haka, yanayin haɗakar bayanai mai ƙarfi yana zama babban abin da kamfanoni ke mayar da hankali a kai, inda kamfanonin dandamali da dama ke nuna taken "Shigarwa ba tare da iyakance sarari ba."
Haɗin kai mai ƙarfi yana nufin haɗa tashoshin PV na rufin gidaje da yawa ta hanyar hanyar haɗuwa, ta amfani da kayan haɓaka don haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki don haɗin grid. Wannan hanyar tana bin buƙatun haɗin grid na mutum da tsare-tsaren gudanar da gini. Ya dace da hanyoyin rarraba wutar lantarki masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki ba tare da ƙarin ƙarfin aiki ba, inda tashar samar da wutar lantarki ke tallafawa saka hannun jari na transformer, kuma tashar ƙaramin matakin sama tana da isasshen ƙarfin aiki, da kuma don haɓaka rufin gida a duk faɗin ƙauyen a wurare masu ƙarfi.
10. Ajiye Na'urar Rarraba Na'urar Canzawa Ta Shiga Kasuwa
Baya ga haɗuwa mai ƙarfi, wata hanya ta cimma faɗaɗa ƙarfin transfoma ita ce ajiyar transfoma na rarrabawa, wanda galibi ana sanya shi a tashoshin rarraba wutar lantarki ko a cikin yankunan transfoma. Ƙarfin wutar da aka samar ta hanyar rarraba PV za a iya adana shi kai tsaye a cikin tsarin adana makamashi ba tare da wucewa ta cikin transfoma ba, don haka magance matsalar iyakokin ƙarfin transfoma. Hakanan yana iya magance canjin kaya nan take da buƙatun kololuwar nauyi a cikin hanyar sadarwar rarrabawa, yana ƙara kwanciyar hankali a cikin grid.
A bisa kiyasin masana'antu, tare da rabon ajiya na 15%, tsarin adana makamashi na 200kW/400kWh zai iya ƙara ƙarfin haɓaka PV da aka rarraba da kimanin 1.2MW, tare da farashin tsarin ajiya wanda ya ƙara kusan 0.4-0.5 RMB/W.
A ƙarshe, shekarar 2024 ta zama wata muhimmiyar shekara ga rarrabawar PV. Ci gaban masana'antar mai lafiya da dorewa ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idodin manufofi daga dukkan matakan gwamnati da kuma sabbin hanyoyin magance matsaloli da samfuran kasuwanci daga ƙwararrun masana'antu, wanda ke amfanar dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki da kuma tallafawa shirye-shiryen da ba su da sinadarin carbon.
