Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv zog thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, cov photovoltaics faib tawm (PV) tau hloov kho sai sai rau cov toj roob hauv pes zog thoob ntiaj teb ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog huv. Nrog rau kev tsim kho tshiab thev naus laus zis, kev txhawb nqa txoj cai ruaj khov, thiab kev thov ua lag luam loj hlob, kev faib tawm PV sector tau pom cov qauv tshiab thiab tseem ceeb.
1. Cov Modules Muaj Zog Siab saum Ru Tsev
Nyob rau hauv kev koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm siab, lub zog ntawm PV modules nce ntxiv sai sai, nrog rau 600W + thiab 700W + cov khoom lag luam dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab module. Cov modules muaj zog siab tsis yog tsuas yog nyiam los ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab hauv av xwb tab sis kuj tau txais yuav sai sai rau kev teeb tsa ru tsev. Ntawm cov rooj sib tham hauv kev lag luam, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom module ua ntej tau txhawb nqa lub tswv yim ntawm "700W + modules ntawm ru tsev."
Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom no, cov PV faib tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw teeb tsa hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov modules muaj zog siab vim yog tus qauv xauj tsev uas muaj qhov chaw xauj ru tsev rau ib lub module. Rau cov neeg tsim khoom, cov modules muaj zog siab tsis yog tsuas yog txo cov nqi xauj tsev xwb tab sis kuj txo cov nqi sib npaug ntawm lub kaw lus (BOS), yog li txhawb nqa lawv txoj kev saws txais.
2. Kev Txhim Kho Tseem Ceeb hauv N-TOPCon Modules
Qhov kev hloov pauv sai ntawm P-hom thiab N-TOPCon thev naus laus zis kuj pom tseeb tib yam hauv kev lag luam PV faib tawm. Raws li InfoLink cov ntaub ntawv, cov feem ntawm kev lag luam ntawm P-hom thiab N-TOPCon modules yog kwv yees li 71% thiab 27%, feem, hauv xyoo 2023. Txawm li cas los xij, N-TOPCon modules xav tias yuav nce mus txog 79% xyoo no.
Hauv kev lag luam faib tawm, cov lus tawm tswv yim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom module qhia tau hais tias cov khoom N-TOPCon yuav suav txog ntau dua 60% ntawm kev lag luam PV faib tawm xyoo no, nrog rau qhov nrawm ntawm kev rov ua dua ntau dua li qhov kev cia siab.
3. Kev Xav Tau Ntau Yam Hauv Kev Lag Luam Tau Txais Kev Saib Xyuas
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej PV faib tawm ua rau muaj ntau yam khoom xav tau, ua rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tsim kho tshiab tas li. Piv txwv li, daws qhov teeb meem plua plav hauv cov nroj tsuag PV faib tawm, cov tuam txhab zoo li LONGi, Jinko, thiab Trina tau tsim cov modules tiv thaiv plua plav. Rau qhov chaw noo thiab kub, LONGi tau tsim cov khoom tshiab uas tiv taus dej noo.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov modules uas yooj ywm thiab sib dua tau txais kev saib xyuas, nrog rau cov tuam txhab ua lag luam suav nrog Nanjing Daily Photovoltaic, SunMan, thiab Pinsine Solar. Raws li cov tuam txhab no, cov lag luam tseem ceeb rau cov modules uas yooj ywm thiab sib dua muaj xws li cov ru tsev uas muaj kev txwv kev thauj khoom thiab cov tsev nkhaus. Tam sim no, cov modules no tuaj yeem ncav cuag txog li 500W+ hauv lub zog tab sis tus nqi yog kwv yees li ob npaug ntawm cov modules ib txwm muaj.
4. Kev Txhawj Xeeb Txog Qhov Zoo Thaum Muaj Kev Sib Ntaus Nqi
Txij li thaum ib nrab xyoo tas los no, vim muaj kev tshem tawm peev xwm thiab kev sib tw ua lag luam, cov nqi PV module tau poob qis, nrog rau tus nqi ntawm P-hom modules poob qis dua 0.8 RMB ib watt thaum kawg ntawm xyoo tas los. Ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia PV Shandong tsis ntev los no, qee lub tuam txhab tau tshaj tawm "0.7+ RMB / W modules." Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tuaj koom kev nthuav qhia tau qhia tias qee cov khoom tsis tau ua tiav lub zog siab tshaj plaws uas tau tshaj tawm. Txawm hais tias tus nqi tuaj yeem poob rau 0.6 RMB / W lossis qis dua, kev ua raws li thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov tsis meej.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov tub ua lag luam PV faib tawm thiab cov tswv kom xaiv cov npe nrov thiab xyuas kom zoo ntawm cov module kom tsis txhob muaj kev poob tsis tsim nyog.
5. Cov Inverters Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam Muaj Zog Dua
Txhawm rau kom txo cov nqi ntawm lub kaw lus, cov inverters lag luam thiab kev lag luam tab tom hloov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj 110kW thiab 125kW mus rau qib zog siab dua, xws li 150kW. Cov tuam txhab xws li Sungrow, TBEA, Hiconics, thiab Growatt tau nthuav tawm 150kW cov inverters lag luam. Txhawm rau kom haum rau cov modules muaj zog siab, cov input tam sim no ntawm cov inverters txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, nrog rau qee lub tuam txhab ua lag luam '110kW string inverters ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws input tam sim no ntawm 64 amps.
6. Maj nrawm rau kev sib txuas ntawm Grid
Cov lus tawm tswv yim los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab tsim khoom siv thiab cov neeg tsim khoom qhia tau hais tias ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau kev lag luam PV faib tawm sai sai yog qhov ceev ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub grid.
Txij li thaum ib nrab xyoo tas los no, ntau lub xeev, suav nrog Hebei, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Henan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, thiab Fujian, tau tshaj tawm cov lus ceeb toom txog lub peev xwm nqa tau ntawm kev sib txuas PV grid. Hauv ntau thaj chaw, lub peev xwm tshiab tsis muaj lawm. Yog li ntawd, kev sib txuas grid tau dhau los ua tus qauv tshiab rau kev sib tw PV faib tawm, nrog rau lub peev xwm nqa tau grid ua qhov tseem ceeb uas txwv tsis pub muaj kev teeb tsa tshiab.
7. Kev Sib Tw Ntaus Pob Ntaus Pob
Ntawm ib sab tes, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub peev xwm nqus hluav taws xob hauv lub grid; ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ntau lub tuam txhab tsim kho. Tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm Shandong exhibition xwb, muaj ntau dua 30 lub tuam txhab faib PV platform, xws li cov neeg tsim PV ib txwm muaj xws li Chint Aneng, Trina Solar lub chaw nyob, thiab JA Solar lub chaw faib hluav taws xob ntse mus rau cov tuam txhab khoom siv hauv tsev xws li Skyworth PV, Haier Solar, TCL PV Technology, thiab Midea. Cov tuam txhab platform hauv zos kuj tab tom nthuav lawv cov lag luam mus rau sab nraud.
Hais txog cov qauv lag luam thiab cov kev daws teeb meem, muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv, suav nrog kev them tag nrho rau kev teeb tsa vaj tse, kev tsim kho ua ke, kev xauj tsev ua haujlwm, kev xauj tsev dawb huv, daim ntawv cog lus tswj hwm lub zog lag luam (EMC), kev nqis peev ntawm tus tswv, cov txiaj ntsig xoom-carbon, thiab cov nqi pub dawb. Cov kev daws teeb meem npog cov ru tsev tiaj tus, cov ru tsev nqes hav, kev hloov pauv ru tsev tiaj tus mus rau nqes hav, cov ntaub thaiv hnub, thiab cov photovoltaics sib xyaw ua ke hauv tsev (BIPV). Kev sib tw ntawm cov platforms yog qhov hnyav, sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem mus rau cov kev pabcuam.
8. Cov Nqi Them Rau Cov Channel Uas Nce Siab
Qhov kev sib tw hnyav ntawm cov platforms thiab cov peev txheej ru tsev uas sib kis dav dav ua rau muaj kev vam khom rau cov neeg koom tes hauv channel thiab nce tus nqi channel. Tshaj tawm tias, hauv kev lag luam PV hauv tsev hauv Shandong, tus nqi nruab nrab rau ib lub vaj huam sib luag PV tau nce mus txog 300-400 RMB xyoo tas los, ob npaug ntawm cov theem dhau los.
Rau cov kev pabcuam nruab nrab ntawm lub ru tsev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, qee lub tuam txhab ntawm Shandong exhibition tau tshaj tawm meej meej txog tus nqi ntawm "0.05-0.3 RMB / W."
9. Hom Kev Sib Koom Ua Ke Uas Muaj Kev Xav Tau Zoo
Vim muaj kev txwv rau kev teeb tsa PV faib tawm vim muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus tsawg, tsoomfwv thiab cov neeg tsim khoom tab tom tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab. Yog li ntawd, hom kev sib koom ua ke tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshaj tawm rau cov tuam txhab, nrog ntau lub tuam txhab platform qhia cov lus hais tias "Txhim kho yam tsis muaj kev txwv chaw."
Kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (concentrated confluence) yog hais txog kev txuas ntau lub tsev nyob rau saum ru tsev PV los ntawm txoj kev sib txuas, siv cov khoom siv boosting los ua kom muaj zog voltage boosting rau kev sib txuas ntawm lub grid. Txoj kev no ua raws li cov kev cai sib txuas ntawm cov neeg tsis yog neeg ntuj thiab cov phiaj xwm tswj kev tsim kho. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov tes hauj lwm faib hluav taws xob qis uas tsis muaj peev xwm ntxiv, qhov twg lub chaw muab hluav taws xob txhawb nqa kev nqis peev ntawm transformer, thiab lub chaw hloov hluav taws xob sab saud muaj peev xwm txaus, nrog rau kev txhim kho thoob plaws lub zos hauv thaj chaw uas muaj neeg coob coob.
10. Kev Cia Khoom Siv Transformer Rau Kev Muag Khoom
Ntxiv rau qhov sib sau ua ke, lwm txoj hauv kev los ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm transformer nthuav dav yog qhov chaw cia khoom ntawm cov transformer faib tawm, feem ntau yog ntsia rau ntawm cov chaw faib hluav taws xob lossis hauv cov cheeb tsam transformer. Lub zog ntau dhau los ntawm cov PV faib tawm tuaj yeem khaws cia ncaj qha rau hauv cov kab ke khaws cia hluav taws xob yam tsis tau dhau los ntawm cov transformers, yog li daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txwv ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm transformer. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem daws qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim ntawd thiab qhov xav tau siab tshaj plaws hauv lub network faib tawm, txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm lub grid.
Raws li kev kwv yees ntawm kev lag luam, nrog rau qhov sib piv ntawm 15%, lub kaw lus cia hluav taws xob 200kW/400kWh tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim kho PV faib tawm ntau dua li ntawm 1.2MW, nrog rau tus nqi cia khoom ntxiv txog li 0.4-0.5 RMB/W.
Xaus lus, xyoo 2024 yog lwm xyoo tseem ceeb rau kev faib tawm PV. Kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam vam khom cov cai tswjfwm los ntawm txhua qib ntawm tsoomfwv thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab cov qauv lag luam los ntawm ntau tus neeg ua si hauv kev lag luam, pab txhua tus neeg koom nrog thiab txhawb nqa cov kev pib xoom-carbon.
