Phakathi kotshintsho lwamandla kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ii-photovoltaics ezisasazwe (i-PV) zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza imimandla yamandla ehlabathi njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yamandla acocekileyo. Ngobuchule obuqhubekayo betekhnoloji, inkxaso eqhubekayo yomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yemarike, icandelo le-PV elisasazwe libona iindlela ezintsha nezibalulekileyo.
1. Iimodyuli ezinamandla aphezulu eluphahleni
Phantsi kokuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe obusebenza kakuhle, amandla eemodyuli ze-PV ayanda ngokukhawuleza, kunye neemveliso ze-600W+ kunye ne-700W+ eziba zezona zinto ziphambili kwiinkampani zeemodyuli. Iimodyuli ezinamandla aphezulu azithandwa nje kuphela zizitishi zamandla ezixhonywe emhlabeni kodwa zikwasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ekufakelweni kophahla. Kwimiboniso yeshishini, abavelisi beemodyuli abaphambili bayikhuthaze ngokucacileyo ingcamango "yeemodyuli ze-700W+ eziphahleni."
Ngokwaba bavelisi, ii-PV ezisasazwayo, ingakumbi ukufakelwa kwezindlu, zikhetha ngakumbi iimodyuli ezinamandla aphezulu ngenxa yemodeli yokuqeshisa eqhelekileyo apho indawo yophahla iqeshiswa khona ngemodyuli nganye. Kubaphuhlisi, iimodyuli ezinamandla aphezulu azinciphisi nje kuphela iindleko zokuqeshisa kodwa zikwanciphisa iindleko zebhalansi yenkqubo (BOS), ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza kakhulu ukwamkelwa kwazo.
2. Inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwiimodyuli ze-N-TOPCon
Utshintsho olukhawulezayo phakathi kobuchwepheshe be-P-type kunye ne-N-TOPCon lubonakala ngokufanayo kwimarike ye-PV esasazwe. Ngokwezibalo ze-InfoLink, izabelo zemarike zeemodyuli ze-P-type kunye ne-N-TOPCon zazimalunga ne-71% kunye ne-27%, ngokulandelelana, ngo-2023. Nangona kunjalo, iimodyuli ze-N-TOPCon kulindeleke ukuba zinyuke ngokukhawuleza ziye kwi-79% kulo nyaka.
Kwimarike esasazwe, ingxelo evela kubavelisi beemodyuli ibonisa ukuba iimveliso ze-N-TOPCon zinokuba ngaphezulu kwe-60% yemarike ye-PV esasazwe kulo nyaka, kunye nesantya sokuphindaphinda sidlula kakhulu ulindelo.
3. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeMarike zifumana ingqwalasela
Ukwahluka kweemeko ze-PV ezisasazwayo kulawula iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, nto leyo eqhuba abavelisi ukuba baqhubeke bevelisa izinto ezintsha. Umzekelo, xa bejongana nomba wokuqokelelwa kothuli kwizityalo ze-PV ezisasazwayo, iinkampani ezifana ne-LONGI, i-Jinko, kunye ne-Trina ziye zazisa iimodyuli zokulwa nothuli. Kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezishushu, i-LONGI iqalise iimveliso ezintsha ezimelana nomswakama.
Ukongeza, iimodyuli eziguquguqukayo ezikhaphukhaphu ziyafumana ingqalelo, kunye neenkampani eziphambili eziquka iNanjing Daily Photovoltaic, iSunMan, kunye nePinsine Solar. Ngokwale nkampani, iimarike eziphambili zeemodyuli eziguquguqukayo ezikhaphukhaphu ziquka uphahla olunemiqathango yomthwalo kunye nezakhiwo ezigobileyo. Okwangoku, ezi modyuli zinokufikelela kwi-500W+ ngamandla kodwa ixabiso lazo liphindwe kabini kuneemodyuli eziqhelekileyo.
4. Iinkxalabo zoMgangatho Phakathi kweMfazwe yamaxabiso
Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ophelileyo, ngenxa yokususwa komthamo kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike, amaxabiso eemodyuli ze-PV ehlile, ixabiso leemodyuli zohlobo lwe-P lihla ngaphantsi kwe-0.8 RMB nge-watt ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo. Kumboniso we-PV waseShandong wakutshanje, ezinye iinkampani zibhengeze ngesibindi "iimodyuli ze-0.7+ RMB/W." Nangona kunjalo, abo babekho kumboniso batyhile ukuba ezinye iimveliso azizange zifikelele kumandla aphezulu abhengeziweyo. Nangona amaxabiso anokwehla aye kwi-0.6 RMB/W okanye angaphantsi, ukuthobela kunye nomgangatho wezi mveliso kuyathandabuzeka.
Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba abatyali-mali be-PV abasasazekileyo kunye nabanini bakhethe ngokungqongqo iimpawu ezidumileyo kwaye bajonge ngononophelo umgangatho weemodyuli ukuze baphephe ilahleko ezingeyomfuneko.
5. Ii-Inverters zezorhwebo nezemizi-mveliso ezinamandla aphezulu
Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zenkqubo, ii-inverters zorhwebo nezemizi-mveliso zisuka kwi-110kW kunye ne-125kW ukuya kumanqanaba aphezulu amandla, njenge-150kW. Iinkampani ezifana neSungrow, TBEA, Hiconics, kunye neGrowat zibonise ii-inverters zorhwebo ze-150kW. Ukuze kulungiselelwe iimodyuli zamandla aphezulu, umbane wokufaka wee-inverters uyaqhubeka nokwanda, kunye nee-inverters zorhwebo ze-110kW zeenkampani eziphambili ezifikelela kumbane wokufaka ophezulu we-64 amps.
6. Ukukhawulezisa uQhagamshelo lweGridi
Ingxelo evela kubavelisi bezixhobo kunye nabaphuhlisi ibonisa ukuba enye into ebangela ukubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kweshishini le-PV esasazwe kungxamiseko loqhagamshelo lwegridi.
Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ophelileyo, amaphondo aliqela, kuquka iHebei, iShandong, iHeilongjiang, iHenan, iZhejiang, iGuangdong, kunye neFujian, akhuphe izilumkiso malunga nomthamo wokuthwala wemiqhagamshelo yegridi yePV esasazwayo. Kwiindawo ezininzi, umthamo omtsha awusekho. Ngenxa yoko, uqhagamshelo lwegridi lube luphawu olutsha lokhuphiswano lwePV esasazwayo, kunye nomthamo wokuthwala igridi obaluleke kakhulu othintela ukufakwa okutsha.
7. Ukhuphiswano Olukhulu Lweqonga
Kwelinye icala, kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwamandla okufunxa igridi; kwelinye icala, kukho ukwanda kweenkampani zophuhliso. Kumboniso waseShandong kuphela, bekukho iinkampani zeplatifomu zePV ezisasazwe ngaphezulu kwama-30, ukusuka kubaphuhlisi bePV bemveli abafana noChint Aneng, icandelo lokuhlala likaTrina Solar, kunye necandelo lamandla akrelekrele leJA Solar ukuya kwiinkampani zezixhobo zasekhaya ezifana neSkyworth PV, Haier Solar, TCL PV Technology, kunye neMidea. Iinkampani zeplatifomu zasekuhlaleni nazo ziyandisa amashishini azo.
Ngokuphathelele iimodeli zoshishino kunye nezisombululo, kukho iindlela ezininzi, kuquka intlawulo epheleleyo yokufakelwa kwezindlu, ukwakhiwa ngokubambisana, ukuqeshisa okusebenza, ukuqeshisa okucocekileyo, iikhontrakthi zolawulo lwamandla orhwebo (i-EMC), utyalo-mali lwabanini, iinzuzo ze-zero-carbon, kunye neerhafu ze-full-feed-in. Izisombululo zigubungela uphahla oluthe tyaba, uphahla oluthambekileyo, ukuguqulwa kophahla oluthe tyaba ukuya koluthambekileyo, izithunzi zelanga, kunye ne-photovoltaics edibeneyo yesakhiwo (i-BIPV). Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamaqonga lukhulu, lwahluka ukusuka kwiinkqubo ukuya kwiinkonzo.
8. Iintlawulo zeChannel ezinyukayo
Ukhuphiswano olukhulu phakathi kwamaqonga kunye nezixhobo ezisasazeke kakhulu eluphahleni lubangela ukuba kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumaqabane eziteshi kunye nokunyuka kweentlawulo zeziteshi. Kubikwa ukuba, kwimarike ye-PV yokuhlala eShandong, iintlawulo zomlamli zephaneli enye ye-PV zinyuke zaya kwi-300-400 RMB kunyaka ophelileyo, ziphindwe kabini ukusuka kumanqanaba angaphambili.
Kwiinkonzo zokunxibelelana nophahla lwendlu zorhwebo nezemizi-mveliso, ezinye iinkampani kwimboniso yaseShandong zipapashe ngokucacileyo iifizi ze-"0.05-0.3 RMB/W."
9. Imo yeConfluence eQokelelweyo ifumana ingqwalasela
Ngenxa yemida ekufakweni kwe-PV esasazwe ngenxa yomthamo omncinci woqhagamshelo lwegridi, urhulumente kunye nabaphuhlisi bahlola iindlela ezintsha. Ngenxa yoko, imo yokudibanisa okugxininisiweyo iba yinto ephambili ekugxilwe kuyo kwiinkampani, apho iinkampani ezininzi zeqonga zibonisa isiqubulo esithi "Faka ngaphandle kwemida yendawo."
Ukudibana okugxininisiweyo kubhekisa ekudibaniseni izityalo ezininzi ze-PV zophahla lwezindlu ngendlela yokudibana, kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokunyusa amandla ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukunyusa amandla ombane ukuze kuqhagamshelwe unxibelelwano lwegridi. Le ndlela ilandela iimfuno zoqhagamshelo lwegridi ezingezizo ezendalo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lolwakhiwo. Ifanelekile kwiinethiwekhi zokusasaza amandla aphantsi ngaphandle komthamo owongezelelweyo, apho isikhululo sombane sixhasa utyalo-mali lwe-transformer, kwaye isikhululo esingaphantsi esikumgangatho ophezulu sinamandla aneleyo, kunye nophuhliso lophahla lwelali yonke kwiindawo ezixineneyo.
10. Indawo yokugcina iitransformer ezisasazwayo ingena kwiMarike
Ngaphandle kokudibana okuxineneyo, enye indlela yokufikelela ekwandiseni umthamo we-transformer kukugcinwa kwe-distribution transformer, okuqhele ukufakwa kwizikhululo zokusasazwa kwamandla okanye ngaphakathi kwezithili ze-transformer. Amandla agqithisileyo aveliswa yi-PV esasazwayo anokugcinwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ngaphandle kokudlula kwii-transformers, ngaloo ndlela kusonjululwa ingxaki yokunqongophala komthamo we-transformer. Ingajongana nokuguquguquka komthwalo ngoko nangoko kunye neemfuno zomthwalo ophezulu kwinethiwekhi yokusasazwa, iphucula uzinzo lwegridi.
Ngokwezibalo zoshishino, ngomlinganiselo wokugcina we-15%, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-200kW/400kWh inokunyusa umthamo wophuhliso lwe-PV olusasazwe malunga ne-1.2MW, kunye neendleko zenkqubo yokugcina ezongeza malunga ne-0.4-0.5 RMB/W.
Ukuqukumbela, u-2024 uphawula omnye unyaka obalulekileyo kwi-PV esasazwayo. Uphuhliso olusempilweni noluzinzileyo lweli shishini luxhomekeke kwimigaqo-nkqubo evela kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente kunye nezisombululo ezintsha kunye neemodeli zoshishino ezivela kubadlali abaninzi beli shishini, ezizuzisa bonke abachaphazelekayo kwaye zixhasa amaphulo angenakhabhoni.
