Pakati pa kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi chitukuko chokhazikika, ma photovoltaics ogawidwa (PV) akusinthiratu mwachangu malo apadziko lonse lapansi a mphamvu ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri la mphamvu yoyera. Ndi luso laukadaulo lopitilira, chithandizo chokhazikika cha mfundo, komanso kufunikira kwa msika komwe kukukula, gawo la ma PV ogawidwa likuwona zinthu zatsopano komanso zofunika.
1. Ma module amphamvu kwambiri padenga
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothandiza kwambiri, mphamvu ya ma module a PV ikukwera mofulumira, ndipo zinthu za 600W+ ndi 700W+ zimakhala zinthu zazikulu zomwe makampani opanga ma module amapereka. Ma module amphamvu kwambiri samangokondedwa ndi malo opangira magetsi omwe amaikidwa pansi koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwachangu poyika padenga. Paziwonetsero zamakampani, opanga ma module otsogola alimbikitsa momveka bwino lingaliro la "ma module a 700W+ padenga."
Malinga ndi opanga awa, ma PV ogawidwa, makamaka malo okhala, amakonda ma module amphamvu kwambiri chifukwa cha njira yodziwika bwino yobwereka komwe malo adenga amabwerekedwa pa module iliyonse. Kwa opanga mapulogalamu, ma module amphamvu kwambiri samangochepetsa ndalama zobwereka komanso amachepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera dongosolo (BOS), motero amalimbikitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.
2. Kupita Patsogolo Kwambiri mu N-TOPCon Modules
Kusinthasintha kwachangu pakati pa ukadaulo wa P-type ndi N-TOPCon kukuonekeranso pamsika wa PV wogawidwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za InfoLink, magawo amsika a ma module a P-type ndi N-TOPCon anali pafupifupi 71% ndi 27%, motsatana, mu 2023. Komabe, ma module a N-TOPCon akuyembekezeka kukwera mwachangu kufika pa 79% chaka chino.
Mu msika wogawidwa, ndemanga kuchokera kwa opanga ma module zikusonyeza kuti zinthu za N-TOPCon zitha kukhala zoposa 60% ya msika wa PV wogawidwa chaka chino, ndipo liwiro la kubwerezabwereza likupitirira kwambiri zomwe zimayembekezeredwa.
3. Zofuna Zosiyanasiyana Zamsika Zikukopa Chidwi
Kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu za PV zomwe zimagawidwa kumatanthauza zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za malonda, zomwe zimapangitsa opanga kupanga zinthu zatsopano nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, pothetsa vuto la kuchuluka kwa fumbi m'mafakitale a PV omwe amagawidwa, makampani monga LONGi, Jinko, ndi Trina ayambitsa ma module oletsa fumbi. Pamalo otentha komanso ozizira, LONGi yatulutsa zinthu zatsopano zosagwirizana ndi chinyezi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma module opepuka osinthasintha akutchuka, ndi makampani otsogola kuphatikiza Nanjing Daily Photovoltaic, SunMan, ndi Pinsine Solar. Malinga ndi makampani awa, misika yayikulu ya ma module opepuka osinthasintha ndi monga madenga okhala ndi zoletsa zolemetsa komanso nyumba zokhota. Pakadali pano, ma module awa amatha kufika pa 500W+ mphamvu koma mtengo wake ndi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa ma module wamba.
4. Nkhawa Zaubwino Pakati pa Nkhondo Zamitengo
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la chaka chatha, chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa mphamvu ndi mpikisano pamsika, mitengo ya ma module a PV yatsika, ndipo mtengo wa ma module a P-type ukutsika pansi pa 0.8 RMB pa watt pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chatha. Pa chiwonetsero chaposachedwa cha Shandong PV, makampani ena adalengeza molimba mtima "ma module a 0.7+ RMB/W." Komabe, omwe adapezeka pa chiwonetserochi adavumbulutsa kuti zinthu zina sizinafike pa mphamvu yayikulu yomwe idalengezedwa. Ngakhale mitengo ingatsike kufika pa 0.6 RMB/W kapena kutsika, kutsatira malamulo ndi mtundu wa zinthuzi n'kokayikitsa.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti osunga ndalama ndi eni ake a PV ogawidwa asankhe mosamala mitundu yodalirika ndikuyang'ana bwino mtundu wa ma module kuti apewe kutayika kosafunikira.
5. Ma Inverter Amphamvu Kwambiri Amalonda ndi Amafakitale
Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina, ma inverter amalonda ndi mafakitale akusuntha kuchoka pa 110kW ndi 125kW kupita ku mphamvu zapamwamba, monga 150kW. Makampani monga Sungrow, TBEA, Hiconics, ndi Growatt adawonetsa ma inverter amalonda a 150kW. Kuti agwirizane ndi ma module amphamvu kwambiri, mphamvu yolowera ya ma inverter ikupitilirabe kukwera, ndipo ma inverter a string a makampani ena otsogola a 110kW akufika pa mphamvu yolowera ya 64 amps.
6. Kuthamangira Kulumikizana kwa Gridi
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa opanga zida ndi opanga zida zikusonyeza kuti chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti bizinesi ya PV yogawidwa ibwererenso mwachangu ndi kufunika kolumikizana ndi gridi.
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la chaka chatha, madera angapo, kuphatikizapo Hebei, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Henan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, ndi Fujian, apereka machenjezo okhudza mphamvu yonyamulira maukonde a PV grid. M'madera ambiri, mphamvu zatsopano sizikupezekanso. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana kwa grid kwakhala muyezo watsopano wa mpikisano wa PV grid, ndipo mphamvu yonyamulira grid ikukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choletsa kukhazikitsa kwatsopano.
7. Mpikisano Wamphamvu wa Pulatifomu
Kumbali imodzi, pali kusowa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi a gridi; kumbali ina, pali kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga zinthu. Pa chiwonetsero cha Shandong chokha, panali makampani opitilira 30 ogawa mapulatifomu a PV, kuyambira opanga ma PV akale monga Chint Aneng, nthambi ya Trina Solar, ndi gawo la mphamvu zanzeru la JA Solar mpaka makampani ogwiritsira ntchito zida zapakhomo monga Skyworth PV, Haier Solar, TCL PV Technology, ndi Midea. Makampani apulatifomu akumaloko akukulitsanso mabizinesi awo.
Ponena za mabizinesi ndi mayankho, pali njira zambiri, kuphatikizapo kulipira kwathunthu kwa malo okhala, kumanga kogwirizana, kubwereketsa ntchito, kubwereketsa koyera, mapangano oyang'anira mphamvu zamalonda (EMC), ndalama zomwe eni ake amaika, phindu la zero-carbon, ndi mitengo yonse yolowera. Mayankho amaphimba denga lathyathyathya, denga lotsetsereka, kusintha denga lathyathyathya kupita ku lotsetsereka, mithunzi ya dzuwa, ndi ma photovoltaic ophatikizidwa ndi nyumba (BIPV). Mpikisano pakati pa nsanja ndi woopsa, wosiyana kuchokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana kupita ku ntchito zina.
8. Ndalama Zokwera za Channel
Mpikisano waukulu pakati pa nsanja ndi zinthu zopezeka padenga zomwe zili paliponse umapangitsa kuti anthu azidalira kwambiri ogwirizana nawo pa njira zolumikizirana ndipo ndalama zolipirira njira zolumikizirana zikukwera. Akuti pamsika wa nyumba zogona ku Shandong, ndalama zolipirira gulu limodzi la PV zinakwera kufika pa 300-400 RMB chaka chatha, zomwe zinawirikiza kawiri kuposa zomwe zinalipo kale.
Pa ntchito zamalonda ndi mafakitale zolumikizirana padenga, makampani ena pa chiwonetsero cha Shandong adalengeza momveka bwino ndalama za "0.05-0.3 RMB/W."
9. Confluence Mode Yokhazikika Imapeza Chidwi
Popeza pali zoletsa pa kuthekera koyika ma PV ogawidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kulumikizana kwa gridi, boma ndi opanga mapulogalamu akufufuza njira zatsopano. Zotsatira zake, njira yolumikizirana yokhazikika ikukhala cholinga chachikulu cha makampani, ndipo makampani angapo a nsanja akuwonetsa mawu akuti "Ikani popanda malire a malo."
Kulumikizana kolimba kumatanthauza kulumikiza zomera zambiri za PV padenga la nyumba kudzera munjira yolumikizirana, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolimbikitsira kuti zigwirizane pakukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti zilumikizane ndi gridi. Njirayi imatsatira zofunikira zolumikizira gridi ya anthu komanso njira zoyendetsera zomangamanga. Ndi yoyenera ma netiweki ogawa magetsi ochepa opanda mphamvu yowonjezera, pomwe malo opangira magetsi amathandizira ndalama zosinthira magetsi, ndipo malo osinthira magetsi apamwamba ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira, komanso pakupanga denga la mudzi wonse m'malo otanganidwa kwambiri.
10. Malo Osungira Zinthu Zosinthira Zinthu Zogawika Alowa Msika
Kupatula malo olumikizirana kwambiri, njira ina yopezera kukulitsa mphamvu ya transformer ndi malo osungira transformer yogawa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayikidwa m'malo ogawa magetsi kapena m'maboma a transformer. Mphamvu yochulukirapo yomwe imapangidwa ndi PV yogawa imatha kusungidwa mwachindunji m'makina osungira mphamvu popanda kudutsa mu transformers, motero kuthetsa vuto la kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya transformer. Ikhozanso kuthana ndi kusinthasintha kwa katundu nthawi yomweyo komanso kufunikira kwa katundu wambiri mu netiweki yogawa, ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa gridi.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za makampani, ndi chiŵerengero chosungira cha 15%, makina osungira mphamvu a 200kW/400kWh akhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu yopangira ma PV ogawidwa ndi pafupifupi 1.2MW, ndipo mtengo wa makina osungira umawonjezera pafupifupi 0.4-0.5 RMB/W.
Pomaliza, chaka cha 2024 chikuyimira chaka china chofunikira kwambiri pa ma PV ogawidwa. Chitukuko chabwino komanso chokhazikika cha makampaniwa chimadalira malamulo ochokera m'maboma onse komanso mayankho atsopano ndi mabizinesi ochokera kwa osewera ambiri m'makampani, kupindulitsa onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndikuthandizira njira zopanda mpweya woipa.
