Kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub ci, ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob huv, tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo los ntawm kev lag luam. Yog tias koj xav paub, cia peb kawm txog cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb hnub ci thiab cov ntaub ntawv photovoltaic cuam tshuam.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub ci, feem ntau hu ua cov hlwb hnub ci, ncaj qha hloov lub hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob. Hauv cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, cov photons los ntawm lub hnub tshem tawm cov electrons ntawm cov atomic bonds ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Thaum cov electrons no raug yuam kom txav mus rau tib qho kev taw qhia, lawv tsim cov hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem muab hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis pub rau hauv lub network hluav taws xob.
Txij li thaum tus kws tshawb fawb Fabkis Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel tau tsim thawj lub tswv yim txog thev naus laus zis photovoltaic hauv xyoo 1839, kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci tau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Niaj hnub no, nrog rau cov pab pawg tshawb fawb loj los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Nyiv Pooj, thiab Tebchaws Europe tau ua kom nrawm dua kev lag luam ntawm lawv cov tshuab hnub ci, kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau kev lag luam photovoltaic txuas ntxiv nthuav dav.
Cov Modules Photovoltaic
Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic sib txawv, txhua lub modules muaj ntau txheej los ntawm sab pem hauv ntej mus rau sab nraub qaum. Lub hnub ci thawj zaug hla dhau ib txheej tiv thaiv (feem ntau yog iav), tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm ib txheej pob tshab rau hauv lub cell nws tus kheej. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub module yog cov khoom nqus, uas ntes cov photons los tsim hluav taws xob. Hom khoom siv semiconductor siv nyob ntawm qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tshuab photovoltaic.
Hauv qab cov khoom siv nqus dej yog txheej hlau tom qab, uas ua kom tiav lub voj voog hluav taws xob. Hauv qab txheej hlau yog txheej zaj duab xis sib xyaw, uas tiv thaiv dej thiab rwb thaiv tsev lub module. Cov modules photovoltaic feem ntau muaj txheej tiv thaiv ntxiv ua los ntawm iav, txhuas alloy, lossis yas.
Cov Khoom Siv Semiconductor
Cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic tuaj yeem yog silicon, polycrystalline nyias zaj duab xis, lossis monocrystalline nyias zaj duab xis. Cov ntaub ntawv silicon suav nrog monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, thiab amorphous silicon. Monocrystalline silicon, nrog nws cov qauv ib txwm muaj, muaj kev hloov pauv photovoltaic siab dua li polycrystalline silicon.
Hauv amorphous silicon, cov silicon atoms raug faib ua random, ua rau kev hloov pauv qis dua piv rau monocrystalline silicon. Txawm li cas los xij, amorphous silicon tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau dua photons, thiab kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li germanium lossis carbon tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yam ntxwv no.
Tooj liab indium diselenide (CIS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), thiab cov silicon nyias nyias yog cov khoom siv polycrystalline nyias nyias uas siv ntau. Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab xws li gallium arsenide (GaAs) feem ntau muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias nyias monocrystalline silicon. Cov khoom siv no raug xaiv rau cov ntawv thov photovoltaic tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li crystallinity, qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv, kev nqus tau, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua.
Cov Yam Sab Nraud Uas Cuam Tshuam Rau Cov Semiconductors
Qhov kev npaj atomic hauv cov qauv siv lead ua ke txiav txim siab qhov crystallinity ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev thauj mus los ntawm tus nqi, qhov ceev tam sim no, thiab kev hloov pauv zog ntawm cov hnub ci cell. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor yog hais txog lub zog tsawg kawg nkaus uas xav tau los txav cov electrons los ntawm lub xeev khi mus rau lub xeev dawb (tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus). Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov band, feem ntau yog cim ua Eg, piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm valence band (lub zog qis) thiab conduction band (lub zog siab).
Tus coefficient ntawm kev nqus ntsuas qhov deb uas lub photon ntawm ib qho wavelength tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab ua ntej raug nqus. Nws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub cell thiab qhov wavelength ntawm lub photon nqus.
Tus nqi thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua ntau yam khoom siv semiconductor thiab cov khoom siv nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog hom thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv siv, cov voj voog tsim khoom, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm lub cell hauv lub chamber deposition. Txhua yam ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm photovoltaic generation.
