Kugadzira simba rezuva, senzira inotungamira yekudzivirira simba rakachena, kwakwezva kutariswa kukuru kubva kuindasitiri. Kana uchifarira, ngationgororei maumbirwo emaseru ezuva nezvinhu zvine chekuita ne photovoltaic.
Kugadzirwa kwesimba rezuva, kunowanzonzi masero ezuva, kunoshandura chiedza chezuva zvakananga kuita magetsi. Muma solar panels, ma photon anobva kuzuva anobvisa ma electron kubva muma atomic bonds e semiconductor materials. Kana ma electron aya akamanikidzwa kufamba nenzira imwe chete, anogadzira magetsi anogona kupinza magetsi mumidziyo yemagetsi kana kuisirwa mu grid yemagetsi.
Kubva apo nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuFrance Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel akatanga kugadzira tekinoroji ye photovoltaic muna 1839, kugadzirwa kwesimba rezuva kwave kuri nyaya huru yekutsvagisa. Nhasi, nemapoka makuru ekutsvagisa kubva kuUS, Japan, neEurope achikurumidzisa kutengeserana kwemasystem avo ezuva, musika wepasi rose weindasitiri ye photovoltaic unoramba uchikura.
Mamodule ePhotovoltaic
Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zviri mu photovoltaic system zvichisiyana, ma module ese ane ma layers akati wandei kubva kudivi rakatarisana nemberi kuenda kumashure. Chiedza chezuva chinotanga chapfuura nepa layer inodzivirira (kazhinji girazi), chobva chapfuura nepa layer inoonekera ichipinda mu cell pachayo. Pakati pe module pane chinhu chinonyudza, chinobata ma photons kuti agadzire magetsi. Rudzi rwe semiconductor material inoshandiswa runoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zve photovoltaic system.
Pasi pechinhu chinonyudza mvura pane simbi yekumashure, iyo inopedzisa circuit yemagetsi. Pasi pesimbi pane firimu rakagadzirwa, iro rinochengetedza mvura uye rinodzivirira module. Ma photovoltaic modules anowanzo kuve nerumwe runodzivirira rwakagadzirwa negirazi, aruminiyamu, kana purasitiki.
Zvinhu zveSemiconductor
Zvinhu zve semiconductor mumasystem e photovoltaic zvinogona kuva silicon, polycrystalline thin films, kana monocrystalline thin films. Zvinhu zve silicon zvinosanganisira monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, uye amorphous silicon. Monocrystalline silicon, ine chimiro chayo chakajairwa, ine photovoltaic conversion efficiency yakakwira kupfuura polycrystalline silicon.
Musilicon isina chimiro, maatomu esilicon anoparadzirwa zvisina kurongeka, zvichikonzera kushanduka kushoma kana tichienzanisa nesilicon ine monocrystalline. Zvisinei, silicon isina chimiro inogona kubata maphoton akawanda, uye kuisanganisa nezvinhu zvakaita segermanium kana kabhoni kunogona kuwedzera hunhu uhwu.
Copper indium diselenide (CIS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), uye thin-film silicon zvinowanzo shandiswa nezvinhu zve polycrystalline thin-film. Zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvakaita se gallium arsenide (GaAs) zvinowanzo sanganisira monocrystalline silicon thin films. Zvinhu izvi zvinosarudzwa kuti zvishandiswe pa photovoltaic zvichibva pane zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakaita se crystallinity, band gap size, kugona kupinza, uye nyore kugadzira.
Zvinhu Zvekunze Zvinokanganisa MaSemiconductors
Kurongeka kwemaatomu muchimiro chekristaro kunosarudza kristaro yezvinhu zve semiconductor, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga kutakurwa kwechaja, huwandu hwemagetsi, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba remagetsi ezuva. Muganhu webhandi wezvinhu zve semiconductor zvinoreva simba shoma rinodiwa kuti maerekitironi afambiswe kubva kumamiriro akabatana kuenda kumamiriro akasununguka (zvichibvumira kufambiswa kwesimba). Muganhu webhandi, unowanzo tsanangurwa seEg, unotsanangura musiyano wesimba pakati pebhandi re valence (simba rakaderera) nebhandi rekufambisa (simba rakakwirira).
Chiyero chekuyamwa kwemvura chinoyera daro iro photon yewavelength yakati inogona kupinda mukati memhepo isati yanyura. Izvi zvinoonekwa nezvinhu zviri musero uye wavelength yephoton inoyamwa.
Mutengo uye nyore kwekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve semiconductor nemidziyo zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira rudzi uye chiyero chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, maitiro ekugadzira, uye hunhu hwekufamba kwesero mukamuri rekuisa. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa rakakosha mukuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira photovoltaic.
