Iterambere rikomeye cyane mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi atandukanye mu 2023 ni intambwe ikomeye mu kugabanya ikoreshwa rya feza, bikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu kugabanya ikiguzi no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’uru rwego. Kwemeza neza ikoreshwa rya module zikoresha amashanyarazi atandukanye mu nganda z’amashanyarazi zo mu gihugu ni ikimenyetso cyiza, nubwo inyungu z’abakora zitarahagarara neza.
Muri Kamena 2024, selile ya mbere ya HJT + THL yakozwe mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ku isi cya Tongwei, aho habayeho iterambere mu guhuza umuringa ku gipimo cya gigawatt mu gihe cy’ibizamini by’igerageza. Ingufu nyinshi cyane za module y’izuba ya Dongfang Sunrise ya heterojunction zageze kuri 767.38 Wp, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo guhindura module bwa 24.70%, bishyiraho agahigo gashya.
Mu gihe ibiciro bya feza byazamutse, ikoranabuhanga nka paste y'umuringa ipfundikiye mu ifeza, ikoranabuhanga rya 0BB, no gucapa stencil byarushijeho kuba ingenzi. Iri terambere ntirigabanya gusa ikoreshwa rya feza muri bateri za HJT ahubwo rinanongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura, birushaho kunoza igiciro cy'ikoranabuhanga rya HJT.
Ubusabe bw'ibice by'amashanyarazi bitagira ingano bwiyongereye cyane, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'ibiciro binini by'inganda z'amashanyarazi zo mu gihugu ndetse n'ibyo mu mahanga zatumije. Kubera ko ibicuruzwa byageze kuri 8-10 GW mu 2023, isoko ry'ubusabe bw'ikoranabuhanga ritagira ingano ririmo gukomera.
Mu 2024, kunoza imikorere myiza y’amahuriro y’itumanaho byarihutirwaga kuruta kugabanya ikiguzi, cyane cyane ko ikoranabuhanga rya TOPCon ritera imbere vuba. Ikoranabuhanga rya heterojunction rigomba kunozwa kugira ngo rigere kuri wati 30 z’ubuyobozi bw’ingufu.
Ingamba zo kugabanya ikiguzi zahinduye intego zijya ku kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ikoreshwa rya feza mu ifu ya feza. Nubwo hari igihombo mu nganda zose, twiteze ko ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bizagaragaza inyungu, bigakomeza kugira inyungu ku bicuruzwa bya TOPCon. Isoko ryibanda kandi ku iterambere ry’inganda zikomeye, ibi bikaba bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w’ishoramari ry’uru rwego.
Impinduka ebyiri z'ingenzi zijyanye n'ikiguzi ziherutse kubaho: kugabanuka kw'ingano ya feza mu ifuru no kugabanuka kw'amafaranga yo gutunganya ifuru ya feza mu bushyuhe buke. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane riturutse mu ruganda rukora ifuru mu mahanga KE, ryatumye ifuru ya feza itangira neza, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi. Byongeye kandi, guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya 0BB na 30% by'ifeza byahaye ikoranabuhanga rya heterojunction inyungu mu ikoreshwa rya feza rike, bituma rirushaho kwihanganira ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya feza.
Nubwo ibiciro bya feza byazamutse bikongera ikiguzi cy'ikoranabuhanga rya heterojunction, ihiganwa ryayo ry'ingenzi riri mu ikoreshwa ryayo rya feza rike, rigabanya ikiguzi cyaryo n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya feza. Ariko, kunoza ingufu z'amashanyarazi biracyari ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga. Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga rya heterojunction riri imbere ya TOPCon ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe muri verisiyo ya 210.
Mu bihembwe 2-3 biri imbere, kunoza ingufu za heterojunction biteganijwe ko bizarenga TOPCon, bitewe n'iterambere mu gusiga PVD, gukurura ibyuma bya kabiri, no gucapa stencil. Ibi bishya biteganijwe ko bizamura imikorere ya selile ku kigero cya 0.6-0.7%, bivamo watts zigera kuri 15 zo kunoza ingufu muri modules. Gucapa stencil byonyine biteganijwe ko bizatanga umusaruro wa 0.3% binyuze mu kunoza ibyuma bya silver-clad cut paste.
Ikoranabuhanga rya filime ritanga urumuri ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gitera imbaraga. Uko abakora filime benshi binjira ku isoko ry’imashini zitanga urumuri, igiciro cyazo/imikorere yabyo byarazamutse, kandi ibiciro byaragabanutse, bishobora gutuma iba imiterere isanzwe mu mwaka. Hamwe no kongera batiri, inyungu y’imbaraga zo guhuza ibyuma kurusha TOPCon yitezweho kuba irenga 4% kuri verisiyo ya 210 na wati zigera kuri 30 kuri verisiyo ya 20 mu mpera za 2024.
Ingufu zigera kuri 2% kugeza kuri 5% mu buryo nk'ubwo bwo kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga zishobora gutuma ikoranabuhanga riva ku iterambere rijya ku ikoranabuhanga rusange. Itandukaniro rya watt 30, rishingiye ku miterere y'ikoranabuhanga ryabayeho mu mateka, ni ingenzi. Urugero, inyungu y'ingufu za TOPCon kurusha PERC yiyongereye kuva kuri watt 10-15 (2%) mu mpera za 2022 igera kuri watt 30 (5%) mu mpera za 2023, bituma TOPCon iba ikoranabuhanga rikomeye.
Ingufu zingana na 4% zishobora gutuma habaho kwaguka gushya kw'amahuriro y'amashanyarazi. Amatangazo aheruka ya TOPCon agaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rya silver-coated na copper-plated ryazamutse, hamwe n'iterambere mu mikorere, ikiguzi kitari silicon, ndetse n'ishoramari mu bikoresho. Niba imikorere myiza n'igenzura ry'ibiciro by'umurongo ugezweho wa GW byujuje ibyari byitezwe, ikoranabuhanga rya heterojunction rizagira inyungu zikomeye ku giciro no ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane mu gucuruza ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa imashini, kunoza imikorere, no gukoresha ubushobozi bw'inganda zikomeye nka Orient Sunrise na Chain Rise Technology. Imiterere y'imari y'inganda zikomeye mu gihembwe cya gatatu izaba ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'uko ubucuruzi bw'ikoranabuhanga butandukanye bugenda neza.
