Intuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu embonini ye-heterojunction ngo-2023 kube yintuthuko ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwesiliva, okuphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile ekunciphiseni izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana komkhakha. Ukuqinisekiswa okuphumelelayo kwezicelo ze-heterojunction module ezitshalweni zamandla zasekhaya kuyisibonakaliso esihle, yize inzuzo yabakhiqizi ingakaqini ngokugcwele.
NgoJuni 2024, iseli lokuqala le-HJT+THL lakhiqizwa e-Global Innovation and R&D Center yaseTongwei, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kwethusi okulinganiselwe yi-gigawatt okutholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuhlola. Ukukhishwa kwamandla okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-module yelanga ye-heterojunction ye-Dongfang Sunrise kufinyelele ku-767.38 Wp, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwemodyuli okungu-24.70%, okubeka irekhodi elisha.
Phakathi nokwenyuka kwamanani esiliva, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-copper paste eboshwe ngesiliva, ubuchwepheshe be-0BB, kanye nokunyathelisa nge-stencil sebubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuthuthuka akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwesiliva kumabhethri e-HJT kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe be-HJT.
Isidingo sezingxenye ze-heterojunction sikhuphuke kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa ukubhida okukhulu okuvela ezitshalweni zamandla zasekhaya kanye nama-oda aphesheya kwezilwandle. Njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwezingxenye kufinyelela ku-8-10 GW ngo-2023, isidingo semakethe sobuchwepheshe be-heterojunction siyaqina.
Ngo-2024, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-heterojunction kuye kwaba okuphuthumayo kakhulu kunokunciphisa izindleko, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-TOPCon buthuthuka ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe be-heterojunction kumele buthuthukiswe ukuze kufinyelelwe cishe ama-watts angu-30 obuholi bamandla.
Imizamo yokunciphisa izindleko ishintshe ukugxila ekunciphiseni noma ekuqedeni ukusetshenziswa kwesiliva ku-silver paste. Ngisho nasendaweni yokulahlekelwa embonini yonke, silindele ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-heterojunction ibonise inzuzo, igcine inzuzo ephezulu kanye nezindleko ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo ye-TOPCon. Ukunaka kwemakethe nakho kusezindleleni zokukhula kwabakhiqizi abaphambili, okuzothonya ijubane lokutshalwa kwezimali kulo mkhakha.
Izinguquko ezimbili ezibalulekile ezihlobene nezindleko zenzekile muva nje: ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwesiliva kwe-paste kanye nezindleko zokucubungula eziphansi ze-paste yesiliva esezingeni eliphansi. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi evela kumkhiqizi we-paste waphesheya kwezilwandle i-KE, iholele ekuqalisweni ngempumelelo kwe-paste yesiliva engu-30%, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-0BB ne-paste yesiliva engu-30% kunikeze ubuchwepheshe be-heterojunction inzuzo ekusetshenzisweni kwesiliva okuphansi, okwenza kube lula ukumelana nokushintshashintsha kwentengo yesiliva.
Naphezu kokwenyuka kwamanani esiliva okwandisa izindleko zobuchwepheshe be-heterojunction, ukuncintisana kwayo okuyinhloko kusekusetshenzisweni kwayo okuphansi kwesiliva, okuhlanganisa izindleko zayo nokuguquguquka kwentengo yesiliva. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kusabalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-heterojunction buhamba phambili ngama-watts ayi-10 kuphela kune-TOPCon yemikhiqizo evamile kunguqulo engu-210.
Ezigabeni ezi-2-3 ezizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-heterojunction kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule i-TOPCon, okuqhutshwa ukuthuthuka kokumbozwa kwe-PVD, ukuqoqwa kwesibili, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta nge-stencil. Lokhu kusungulwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli ngo-0.6-0.7%, okuhunyushwa kube cishe ama-watts ayi-15 okuthuthukiswa kwamandla kumamojula. Ukuphrinta nge-stencil kuphela kulindeleke ukuthi kufake isandla ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle okungu-0.3% ngokwenza ngcono ama-paste ethusi ambozwe ngesiliva.
Ubuchwepheshe bamafilimu obukhanyayo bungenye into ebalulekile. Njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi bengena emakethe yamafilimu akhanyayo, isilinganiso sawo sentengo/ukusebenza sithuthukile, futhi izindleko zehlile, okungenzeka ukuthi zenze kube ukucushwa okujwayelekile phakathi nonyaka. Uma kuhlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri, inzuzo yamandla ye-heterojunction kune-TOPCon kulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngaphezu kuka-4% enguqulweni engu-210 kanye nama-watts angaba ngu-30 enguqulweni engu-20 ekupheleni kuka-2024.
Umthombo wamandla osuka ku-2% kuya ku-5% emjikelezweni ofanayo wokuvuselela ubuchwepheshe ungashukumisa ubuchwepheshe ukuthi busuke ekuveleni bube yinto evamile. Umehluko wama-watt angu-30, ngokusekelwe emaphethini omlando wokuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe, ubalulekile. Isibonelo, inzuzo yamandla ye-TOPCon ngaphezu kwe-PERC ikhuphuke kusuka kuma-watts angu-10-15 (2%) ngasekupheleni kuka-2022 kuya kuma-watts angu-30 (5%) ekupheleni kuka-2023, okwenza i-TOPCon ibe ubuchwepheshe obuvelele.
Umthamo wamandla ongu-4% ungakhuthaza umjikelezo omusha wokwanda kwe-heterojunction. Izimemezelo zakamuva ze-TOPCon zibonisa ukuvuleleka kokubili kubuchwepheshe obumbozwe ngesiliva kanye nobethusi, kanye nokuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza, izindleko ezingezona eze-silicon, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini. Uma ukusebenza kahle kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko zomugqa wakamuva we-GW kuhlangabezana nokulindelwe, ubuchwepheshe be-heterojunction buzothola izinzuzo eziqinile zezindleko kanye nobukhulu.
Ukunaka kufanele kugxile ekuthengisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta nge-stencil, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwabakhiqizi ababalulekile njenge-Orient Sunrise kanye ne-Chain Rise Technology. Ukusebenza kwezezimali kwabakhiqizi abakhulu kwikota yesithathu kuzoba yisibonakaliso esibalulekile sempumelelo yokuthengiswa kobuchwepheshe obungenazo izikhangiso.
