Kwayoyin photovoltaic (PV) galibi ana yin su ne daga kayan semiconductor kamar silicon kuma suna da electrodes masu kyau da marasa kyau. Idan aka fallasa su ga hasken rana, tasirin photovoltaic yana faruwa, yana canza wutar lantarki nan take zuwa makamashin lantarki a cikin nau'in wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC). Ana iya adana wannan wutar lantarki a cikin batura ko kuma a canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa (AC) ta hanyar inverter don biyan buƙatun makamashi daban-daban. Kwayoyin PV galibi ana haɗa su a jere ko a layi ɗaya da kayayyaki na tsari, wanda daga nan ake haɗa su cikin jeri don manyan fitarwa na makamashi.
1. Kwayoyin Filin Bayan Aluminum (BSF)
Tsarin da Ka'ida
Kwayoyin BSF nau'in ƙwayoyin hasken rana ne da aka saba amfani da shi wanda ke amfani da murfin aluminum a matsayin lantarki na baya. Wannan yana samar da filin lantarki na baya wanda ke taimakawa wajen tura electrons zuwa lantarki na baya, yana haɓaka ingancin canza makamashi. Tsarin samarwa ya haɗa da yin amfani da phosphorus a saman silicon don ƙirƙirar yankin nau'in N, shafa fim ko shafi don samar da yankin nau'in P a gaba, da kuma samar da mahaɗin pn. A ƙarshe, ana ƙara grids na ƙarfe don tattara wutar lantarki.
Tarihin Ci Gaba
An fara gabatar da ƙwayoyin BSF a shekarar 1973, su ne farkon tsarin ƙwayoyin silicon na kristal da aka yi amfani da su a kasuwa. Zuwa shekarar 2016, sun kai sama da kashi 90% na hannun jarin kasuwa.
Fa'idodi
Kwayoyin BSF sun shahara saboda sauƙinsu, ingancinsu, da kuma fasahar zamani.
2. Kwayoyin PERC
Asalin Suna
PERC yana nufin Passivated Emitter da Rear Cell.
Tsarin aiki da Aiki
An gina shi bisa ga ƙwayoyin BSF na gargajiya, fasahar PERC ta ƙara matakai biyu masu mahimmanci: passivation na saman baya da buɗewar laser, wanda ke ƙara inganci sosai. Tsarin kera ya haɗa da tsaftace wafer da rubutu, yaɗuwa don ƙirƙirar mahadar pn, allurar laser don masu fitar da zaɓaɓɓun abubuwa, passivation na baya, haƙa laser, buga allo, sintering, da gwaji.
Fa'idodi
Kwayoyin PERC suna da tsari mai sauƙi, tsarin ƙera na ɗan gajeren lokaci, da kuma ƙarfin kayan aiki mai yawa.
3. Haɗakar Kwayoyin Halitta (HJT)
Tsarin gini
Kwayoyin HJT ƙwayoyin halitta ne na hasken rana waɗanda suka haɗu da abubuwan silicon na crystalline da kuma fina-finan silicon marasa tsari. Sun haɗa da yadudduka masu amorphous silicon a cikin haɗin heterojunction don su shiga saman gaba da baya. Tsarin similar ya haɗa da wani nau'in silicon na crystalline na N-type, wani Pi amorphous silicon Layer a gefen haske, wani iN amorphous silicon Layer a baya, da kuma electrodes masu haske da busbars a ɓangarorin biyu. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin biyu ne.
Fa'idodi
Kwayoyin HJT suna da inganci mai yawa, ƙarancin lalacewa, ƙarancin zafin jiki, babban faciality, hanyoyin da aka sauƙaƙa, da kuma dacewa da siririn wafers.
4. TOPCon Cells
Ka'idar Fasaha
Kwayoyin TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) sun dogara ne akan ƙa'idar mai ɗaukar hoto. Suna da Layer silicon oxide mai siriri sosai da Layer silicon mai doped a baya, suna samar da tsarin hulɗa mai passivated. Wannan yana rage haɗuwar haɗuwar saman da ƙarfe, yana haifar da babban yuwuwar inganta inganci a cikin ƙwayoyin N-PERT.
Fasali na Tsarin
Kwayoyin TOPCon suna amfani da abubuwan silicon na nau'in N kuma suna buƙatar ƙananan canje-canje ga layukan samar da nau'in P da ake da su, kamar ƙara yaduwar boron da kayan aikin adana sirara. Suna kawar da buƙatar buɗewa da daidaitawa a baya, suna sauƙaƙa kerawa da haɓaka dacewa da hanyoyin ƙwayoyin PERC da N-PERT.
Fa'idodi
Kwayoyin TOPCon suna nuna ƙarancin lalacewa, yawan fuskoki biyu, da kuma ƙarancin yanayin zafi, wanda ke samar da kyakkyawan aiki a tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana.
5. Kwayoyin IBC
Tsarin da Ka'ida
Kwayoyin Interdigitalted Back Contact (IBC) suna canja dukkan layukan grid na gaba zuwa baya, suna shirya mahaɗar pn da haɗin ƙarfe a cikin tsari mai haɗa lambobi. Wannan yana rage inuwa kuma yana ƙara shaƙar haske. Ba tare da haɗin ƙarfe na gaba ba, ƙwayoyin IBC suna samar da babban yanki mai aiki don canza photon.
Haɗin Fasaha
Kwayoyin IBC za su iya haɗawa da wasu fasahohi kamar PERC, TOPCon, HJT, da perovskite, suna samar da ƙwayoyin haɗin gwiwa masu tasowa kamar "TBC" (TOPCon-IBC) da "HBC" (HJT-IBC).
Yiwuwar Aikace-aikace
Tare da ƙirarsu mai kyau, ƙwayoyin IBC sun dace sosai don amfani da na'urorin ɗaukar hoto masu haɗaka (BIPV) kuma suna da kyakkyawan damar kasuwanci.
Kammalawa
Kowace nau'in ƙwayar PV tana ba da fa'idodi na musamman kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka fasahar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. Ta hanyar ci gaba da ƙirƙira, waɗannan fasahohin suna haifar da ci gaba da sauyi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana.
