Cov roj teeb photovoltaic (PV) feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor xws li silicon thiab muaj ob qho tib si positive thiab negative electrodes. Thaum raug tshav ntuj, qhov photovoltaic effect tshwm sim, hloov lub zog lub teeb mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob hauv daim ntawv ntawm direct current (DC). Cov hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv roj teeb lossis hloov mus rau alternating current (AC) ntawm lub inverter kom tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau zog. PV cell feem ntau txuas ua series lossis parallel rau cov modules, uas tom qab ntawd tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv arrays rau cov zis hluav taws xob loj dua.
1. Cov Cells Aluminium Back Surface Field (BSF)
Cov Qauv thiab Lub Ntsiab Cai
Cov hlwb BSF yog ib hom hlwb hnub ci uas siv cov txheej txhuas ua lub electrode tom qab. Qhov no tsim ib lub teb hluav taws xob tom qab uas pab tsav cov electrons mus rau lub electrode tom qab, txhim kho kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom suav nrog kev doping lub ntsej muag silicon nrog phosphorus los tsim ib cheeb tsam N-hom, siv ib zaj duab xis lossis txheej los tsim ib cheeb tsam P-hom rau pem hauv ntej, thiab tsim ib qho pn junction. Thaum kawg, cov hlau grids raug ntxiv los sau cov tam sim no.
Keeb Kwm Kev Loj Hlob
Thawj zaug tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1973, BSF cell yog cov qauv crystalline silicon cell uas tau muag thaum ntxov tshaj plaws. Los ntawm xyoo 2016, lawv suav txog ntau dua 90% ntawm cov feem ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Cov hlwb BSF yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv qhov yooj yim, kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog, thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis paub tab.
2. PERC Cells
Lub Npe Keeb Kwm
PERC yog luv rau Passivated Emitter thiab Rear Cell.
Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Ua Tau Zoo
Tsim los ntawm cov hlwb BSF ib txwm muaj, PERC thev naus laus zis ntxiv ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb: kev siv laser qhib qhov chaw tom qab, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom suav nrog kev ntxuav thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov wafer, kev sib kis los tsim cov pn junctions, laser doping rau cov emitters xaiv, kev siv laser passivation tom qab, kev khawb laser, kev luam ntawv npo, kev sib xyaw, thiab kev sim.
Cov txiaj ntsig
PERC cell muaj cov qauv yooj yim, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom luv luv, thiab cov khoom siv tau ntev.
3. Cov Qog Sib Txuas (HJT)
Qauv
Cov hlwb HJT yog cov hlwb hnub ci sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov substrates crystalline silicon thiab cov zaj duab xis silicon amorphous. Lawv suav nrog cov txheej silicon amorphous intrinsic ntawm qhov sib txuas heterojunction kom passivate cov nto pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab. Cov qauv symmetrical suav nrog N-hom crystalline silicon substrate, Pi amorphous silicon txheej ntawm sab teeb pom kev zoo, iN amorphous silicon txheej ntawm sab nraub qaum, thiab cov electrodes pob tshab thiab busbars ntawm ob sab. Cov no yog cov hlwb bifacial.
Cov txiaj ntsig
HJT cell muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, qis degradation, qis kub coefficient, bifaciality siab, cov txheej txheem yooj yim, thiab haum rau cov wafers nyias dua.
4. TOPCon Cells
Txoj Cai Txuj Ci
Cov hlwb TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv tus neeg nqa khoom. Lawv muaj ib txheej silicon oxide nyias heev thiab ib txheej silicon doped nyob rau sab nraub qaum, tsim cov qauv sib cuag passivated. Qhov no txo qhov sib cuag ntawm qhov chaw thiab hlau, tsim kom muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv N-PERT hlwb.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem
Cov hlwb TOPCon siv cov khoom siv silicon N-hom thiab xav tau kev hloov pauv tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov kab tsim khoom P-hom uas twb muaj lawm, xws li ntxiv cov khoom siv boron diffusion thiab cov khoom siv tso cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias. Lawv tshem tawm qhov xav tau qhov qhib tom qab thiab kev sib dhos, ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom thiab txhim kho kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txheej txheem PERC thiab N-PERT cell.
Cov txiaj ntsig
TOPCon cov hlwb qhia txog kev puas tsuaj tsawg, bifaciality siab, thiab qhov kub qis, ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo heev hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci.
5. Cov Qog IBC
Cov Qauv thiab Lub Ntsiab Cai
Cov hlwb Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) tsiv tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob pem hauv ntej mus rau tom qab, teeb tsa cov kev sib tshuam pn thiab cov hlau sib cuag hauv tus qauv interdigitated. Qhov no txo cov duab ntxoov ntxoo thiab ua rau lub teeb nqus tau ntau dua. Yog tsis muaj cov hlau sib cuag pem hauv ntej, cov hlwb IBC muab thaj chaw loj dua rau kev hloov pauv photon.
Kev Sib Koom Tes Hauv Tshuab
Cov hlwb IBC tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lwm cov thev naus laus zis xws li PERC, TOPCon, HJT, thiab perovskite, tsim cov hlwb sib xyaw ua ke zoo li "TBC" (TOPCon-IBC) thiab "HBC" (HJT-IBC).
Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Thov
Nrog lawv txoj kev tsim qauv zoo nkauj, IBC cell zoo rau kev tsim cov photovoltaics (BIPV) thiab tuav cov kev cia siab lag luam muaj zog.
Xaus lus
Txhua hom PV cell muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis fais fab hnub ci. Los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab tas mus li, cov thev naus laus zis no tab tom tsav kev loj hlob thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam photovoltaic.
